French ship Valmy (1847)

	The Valmy, by then renamed Borda, serving as a school ship
History
France
Namesake	Battle of Valmy; Jean-Charles de Borda;
Builder	Brest shipyard. Plans by Leroux
Laid down	1 March 1838
Launched	25 September 1847
Commissioned	1849
Decommissioned	January 1856
Renamed	renamed Borda on 18 August 1863; renamed Intrépide in 1890;
Reclassified	1863 schoolship
Stricken	1890
Homeport	Brest
Fate	Scrapped in 1891
General characteristics
Class and type	1st rate ship of the line
Displacement	5,826 tonnes
Length	64.05 m (210.1 ft) at the waterline
Beam	18.11 m (59.4 ft)
Draught	8.61 m (28.2 ft)
Complement	1100
Armament	120 guns, including:; 34 long guns of calibre 80; 36 short guns of calibre 30;
Armour	timber

Valmy, named after the Battle of Valmy, was the largest three-decker of the French Navy, and the largest tall ship ever built in France.

Design

The design of Valmy was decided by the Commission de Paris, as a way to modernise the 118-gun Océan class design and its derivatives. The most radical departure from previous designs was the shedding of tumblehome and adoption of vertical sides, shared by the Hercule and Suffren classes; this significantly increased the space available for upper batteries, but reduced the stability of the ship; wooden stabilisers were added under the waterline to address the issue.

Valmy was laid down at Brest in 1838 as Formidable and launched in 1847. When she entered service in 1849, she was the largest warship in the world and would remain so until 1853,^{[citation needed]} when the British three-decker Duke Of Wellington (6,071 tons and converted to steam power while on the stocks) entered service, but she would remain the largest sail-only three-decker ever built.

She displayed poor performances during her trials, especially with a tendency to roll, and was generally considered a failure. Stability problems were to some extent compensated with stabilisator fins, but no other unit of the type was built. The outcome of the project led the French Navy to return to a more traditional design with the next generation of ships, which would lead to Bretagne.

Career

She was engaged in the Crimean War, where she proved difficult to manoeuvre and, like other sailing vessels, often had to be towed by steam ships. During the bombardment of Sevastopol, the only time she fired her guns in anger, she was towed by the new steam two-decker Napoléon.

She returned to Brest in 1855, where she was disarmed. She was used as a school ship for the French Naval Academy from 1864 under the name Borda. She took back her old name of Intrépide one year before being stricken from the navy list in 1891. She was scrapped soon afterwards.

The name Valmy was later re-used for a Guépard class destroyer, launched in 1927 and scuttled in 1942.

Visite by Imperatrice Eugénie aboard the Borda (ex-Valmy) on 26 July 1867, by Auguste Mayer
1/40th-scale model of the Valmy
1/40th-scale model of the Valmy
1/40th-scale model of the Valmy
1/40th-scale model of the Valmy