Genna
Genna (Japanese:元和) was a Japanese era name (年号, nengō, lit. year name) after Keichō and before Kan'ei. This period spanned the years from 1615 through 1624. The reigning emperor was Go-Mizunoo-tennō (後水尾天皇).
Change of era
- Genna gannen (元和元年) or Genna 1 (1615): The era name was changed to mark the enthronement of Go-Mizunuoo and because of disasters such as the Siege of Osaka (大坂の役 (Ōsaka no Eki)), most commonly (大坂の陣 (Ōsaka no Jin)).
The Siege of Osaka was a series of battles undertaken by the Tokugawa shogunate against the Toyotomi clan, and ending in that clan's destruction. Divided into two stages (Winter Campaign and Summer Campaign), and lasting from 1614 to 1615, the siege put an end to the last major armed opposition to the establishment of an enduring Tokugawa shogunate. This conflict is also sometimes called Genna Enbu (元和偃武 (genna enbu)), because the era name was changed from Keichō to Genna immediately following its ultimate resolution.
By order of Tokugawa Ieyasu, the era name of Emperor Xuanzong of Tang China was adopted.
Events of the Genna Era
- Genna gannen (元和正徳) or Genna 1 (1615): Tokugawa Ieyasu and his son, Shogun Hidetada, marched again to Osaka Castle, which was captured and burned; but Hideyori managed to flee to Satsuma where he had prepared a refuge in advance.[1]
- Genna 1, on the 9th day of the 7th month (September 1, 1615): Ieyasu pulled down Hōkoku-jinja.[2]
- Genna 1, on the 28th day of the 7th month (1615): Ieyasu promulgated the Genna-re in 17 clauses.[3]
- Genna 2, on the 17th day of the 4th month (1616): Ieyasu died at Suruga.[4]
- Genna 3, on the 26th day of the 8th month (1617): Former-Emperor Go-Yōzei died. He is buried at the Temple of "Ni kwo".[5]
- Genna 4, in the 8th month (1618): A comet appeared in the sky.[6]
- Genna 6, on the 6th day of the 6th month (July 15, 1620): The emperor was married to Tokugawa Kazuko, the daughter of Shogun Hidetada; and also in that year.[7]
- Genna 6 (1620): There were severe fires in Mikayo on the 30th day of the 2nd month and on the 4th day of the 3rd month.[8]
- Genna 9, on the 12th day of the 8th month (1623): the bakufu raised the Imperial maintenance allowance by 10,000 koku.[9]
- Genna 9 (1623): Tokugawa Iemitsu, son of Hidetada, came to the court of the emperor where he was created Shogun.[10]
References
Notes
- ^ Titsingh, I. (1834). Supplément aux annales des daïri, p. 410.
- ^ Ponsonby-Fane, R. (1956). Kyoto: the Old Capital of Japan, 794-1869, p. 317.
- ^ Ponsonby-Fane, p. 317.
- ^ Titsingh, p. 410.
- ^ Titsingh, p. 410. [1834 transliteration, conventional spelling unknown]
- ^ Titsingh, p. 410.
- ^ Ponsonby-Fane, p. 317; Titsingh, p. 410.
- ^ Titsingh, p. 410.
- ^ Ponsonby-Fane, p. 317.
- ^ Titsingh, p. 410.
Further reading
- Ponsonby-Fane, Richard A.B. (1956). Kyoto: the Old Capital of Japan, 794-1869. Kyoto: Ponsonby Memorial Society.
- Screech, Timon. (2006). Secret Memoirs of the Shoguns: Isaac Titsingh and Japan, 1779-1822. London: RoutledgeCurzon. ISBN 0-700-71720-X
- Titsingh, Isaac. (1822). Illustrations of Japan; consisting of Private Memoirs and Anecdotes of the reigning dynasty of The Djogouns, or Sovereigns of Japan; a description of the Feasts and Ceremonies observed throughout the year at their Court; and of the Ceremonies customary at Marriages and Funerals: to which are subjoined, observations on the legal suicide of the Japanese, remarks on their their poetry, an explanation of their mode of reckoning time, particulars respecting the Dosia powder, the preface of a work by Confoutzee on filial piety, &c. &c. by M. Titsingh formerly Chief Agent to the Dutch East India Company at Nangasaki. Translated from the French, by Frederic Shoberl with coloured plates, faithfully copied from Japanese original designs. London: Ackerman.
- Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). Supplément aux annales des daïri, appended to [Siyun-sai Rin-siyo, 1652], Nipon o daï itsi ran; ou, Annales des empereurs du Japon, tr. par M. Isaac Titsingh avec l'aide de plusieurs interprètes attachés au comptoir hollandais de Nangasaki; ouvrage re., complété et cor. sur l'original japonais-chinois, accompagné de notes et précédé d'un Aperçu d'histoire mythologique du Japon, par M. J. Klaproth. Paris: Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland. --Two digitized examples of this rare book have now been made available online: (1) from the library of the University of Michigan, digitized January 30, 2007; and (2) from the library of Stanford University, digitized June 23, 2006. Click here to read the original text in French.
| Genna | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 4th | 5th | 6th | 7th | 8th | 9th | 10th |
| Gregorian | 1615 | 1616 | 1617 | 1618 | 1619 | 1620 | 1621 | 1622 | 1623 | 1624 |
|
Preceded by: |
Era or nengō: |
Succeeded by: |