Hammudid dynasty
The Hammudid dynasty (Arabic: بنو حمود, romanized: Banū Ḥammūd) was an Arab Muslim[1][2] family that briefly ruled the Caliphate of Córdoba[3][4] and the taifas of Málaga and Algeciras and nominal control in Ceuta.[1]
The dynasty
[edit]The dynasty is named after their ancestor, Hammud, a descendant of Idris ibn Abdallah, founder of the Idrisid dynasty and great-grandchild of Hasan, son of Fatimah and Ali and grandson of the Islamic prophet, Muhammad.[5] When Sulayman ibn al-Hakam carved out Andalusian land for his Berber allies, two members of the Hammudid family were given the governorship of Algeciras, Ceuta and Tangier. The Hammudids thus gained control of the traffic across the Straits of Gibraltar, suddenly becoming a powerful force. Claiming to act on behalf of the dethroned Hisham II, the Hammudid governor of Ceuta Ali ibn Hammud al-Nasir marched upon Córdoba in the year 1016, where he was crowned Caliph.
In 1056, the last Hammudid Caliph was dethroned, losing Málaga to the Zirids of Granada,[6] who had previously been the Hammudids' most important supporters. The Hammudi family was then forced to settle in Ceuta.
References
[edit]- ^ a b Viguera-Molins 2010, pp. 26–27.
- ^ Bosworth 2004, p. 15.
- ^ Lane-Poole (1894), p.21
- ^ Altamira, Rafael (1999). "Il califfato occidentale". Storia del mondo medievale. Vol. II. pp. 477–515.
- ^ Hammudids, A. Huici Miranda, The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Vol. III, ed. B. Lewis, V.L. Menage, C. Pellat and J. Schacht, (Brill, 1986), 147;"HAMMUDIDS, dynasty which reigned over various towns in Muslim Spain from 407/1016 till 450/1058. Sulayman al-Musta'm [q.v.], on his second succession to the caliphal throne in Shawwal 4O3/ May 1013, had to distribute large fiefs among the Berbers who had raised him to power. He allotted to 'Ali b. Hammud the governorship of Ceuta and to his brother al-Kasim that of Algeciras, Tangier, and Arzila. The two were genuine Idrisids [q.v.], their great-grandfather Hammud being the great-grandson of Idris II."
- ^ Collins 2012, p. 203.
Bibliography
[edit]- Scales, Peter (1994). The Fall of the Caliphate of Cordoba: Berbers and Andalusis in Conflict. Vol. II. BRILL. pp. 38–109 & 142–182. ISBN 9789004098688.
- Bosworth, Clifford Edmund (2004). The New Islamic Dynasties: A Chronological and Genealogical Manual. Edinburgh University Press. pp. 14–16. ISBN 9780748621378.
..or were Berberised Arabs like the Hammudids...
- Lane-Poole, Stanley (1894). The Mohammadan Dynasties: Chronological and Genealogical Tables with Historicals Introductions. Constable. pp. 23–25. ISBN 9781402166662.
- Viguera-Molins, María (2010). "Al-Andalus and the Maghrib (from the fifth/eleventh century to the fall of the Almoravids)". In Fierro, Maribel (ed.). The New Cambridge History of Islam, Volume 2: The Western Islamic World, Eleventh to Eighteenth Centuries. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 19–47. ISBN 978-0-521-83957-0.
To this list we might add the enclave of the Berberised Arab Hammudids...
- Collins, Roger (2012). Caliphs and Kings: Spain 796-1031. Wiley-Blackwell. ISBN 9781118273999.
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