Hemoglobinuria

Hemoglobinuria
Specialty	Obstetrics and gynaecology, urology

In medicine, hemoglobinuria or haemoglobinuria is a condition in which the oxygen transport protein hemoglobin is found in abnormally high concentrations in the urine. The condition is often associated with hemolytic anemia, in which red blood cells (RBCs) are destroyed, thereby increasing levels of free plasma hemoglobin. Excess hemoglobin is filtered by the kidneys, which excrete it into the urine, giving urine a purple color.

Causes

• Acute glomerulonephritis
• Burns
• Renal cancer
• Malaria
• Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
• Microangiopathies, e.g. Hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS), Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP)
• Transfusion reactions
• IgM autoimmune hemolytic anemia
• Pyelonephritis
• Sickle cell anemia
• Tuberculosis of the urinary tract
• March hemoglobinuria secondary to repetitive impacts on the body, usually the feet
• Athletic nephritis secondary to strenuous exercise
• Acute lead poisoning

Complications

Hemoglobinuria can lead to acute tubular necrosis which is an uncommon cause of a death of uni-traumatic patients recovering in the ICU .

Diagnosis

The diagnosis is often made based on the medical history, blood samples, and a urine sample. The absence of urine RBCs and RBC casts microscopically despite a positive dipstick test suggests hemoglobinuria or myoglobinuria. The medical term for RBCs in the urine is hematuria.

See also

• Hematuria