Henley Passport Index
The Henley & Partners Visa Restrictions Index (HVRI)[1] is a global ranking of countries according to the travel freedom that their citizens enjoy.[2][3] In collaboration with the International Air Transport Association, and based on official data from their global database, Henley & Partners[4] has analyzed the visa regulations of all the countries and territories in the world since 2006.[5]
Definition of the Index
The HVRI consists of a ranking of countries/ territories according to how many other countries/ territories one can travel to visa-free on a particular country/ territory's passport. The ranking is made according to the score each country achieves in terms of numbers of other countries to which visa-free access is possible. The basis of the data consists of all countries and territories covered in the IATA database. Since not all territories issue passports, there are far fewer countries/ territories to be ranked than destination countries/ territories against which queries are made. [6]
Methodology
To determine the score for each country/ territory, the IATA database is queried in the following way:
1. Each country/ territory for which the score is to be determined, is checked against every country/ territory for which travel restriction information exists in the IATA database.
2. Each query is made on the following conditions:
- The passport is issued in the country of nationality
- The passport is valid
- The passport holder is a citizen of the country which issued the passport
- The passport holder is an adult
- Entry is sought for a tourism or business visit
- Duration of the stay is at least three days
3. Further conditions include:
- The queries are made only for holders of normal passports, i.e. diplomatic or service passports and other travel documents are disregarded
- Complex requirements regarding passports are disregarded, i.e. as if such requirements do not exist. These may include translations or empty pages
- Requirements by the destination country/ territory regarding a particular length of validity of passports are disregarded
- Countries with restrictions on female travelers are disregarded
- Any health requirements, requirements of sufficient funds or return tickets are disregarded
- Advance passenger information and advance approval to board are not considered to be a visa requirement or travel restriction, neither is the requirement to pay airport tax and these are disregarded
4. If no visa is required for passport holders from a country/ territory for which the score is to be determined to enter the destination under the above conditions, then a score (value = 1) is made for the passport holder's country/ territory
5. After all queries have been made, the total score for each country/ territory is equal to the number of destination countries/ territories for which the outcome is "no visa required" under the conditions defined above
2016 Results
Germany holds the top spot for 2016, with visa-free access to 177 countries out of a total of 218, while Sweden remained in second place with a ranking of 176.[5][8] A larger group of countries sit in third place, with Finland, France, Italy, Spain and the United Kingdom all having visa-free access to 175 countries.[5][9]
Only 21 of the 199 countries listed on the HVRI remained in the same rank. No country dropped more than three positions.[5] Four countries in particular made huge gains; Tonga rising 16 spots, Palau by 20, Colombia by 25 and Timor Leste, being the highest climber with an increase of 33 ranks.[5][10]
Somalia, Iraq, Pakistan and Afghanistan hold the bottom four positions on the HVRI, and thus have again been labelled the worst passports in the world.[5][11]
The number of countries in the ‘Top 10’ remained static in this year’s Index at 28 countries, with Hungary joining the category after one year of being pushed out, and Malaysia dropping to 12th position after three years in the premier group.
| Rank | Citizenship/ Passport | Score |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Germany | 177 |
| 2 | Sweden | 176 |
| 3 | Finland, France, Italy, Spain and UK | 175 |
| 4 | Belgium, Denmark, Netherlands and US | 174 |
| 5 | Austria, Japan and Singapore | 173 |
| 6 | Canada, Ireland, South Korea, Luxembourg, Norway, Portugal and Switzerland | 172 |
| 7 | Greece and New Zealand | 171 |
| 8 | Australia | 169 |
| 9 | Malta | 168 |
| 10 | Hungary, Czech Republic, Iceland | 167 |
2006–2015
European countries are notable for their stability over the past decade, and Belgium, France, Italy, Luxembourg, Spain and Sweden all remain in exactly the same position as 10 years before. The 'Top 10s' are almost identical, with 30 countries in 2015, compared to 26 a decade before. While Liechtenstein dropped, the Czech Republic, Finland, Hungary, Malta, Slovakia and South Korea all made it into the top 10.
Taiwan, Albania, the United Arab Emirates, Bosnia and Serbia all moved up more than 20 places in the Henley & Partners Visa Restrictions Index over the last 10 years, while the biggest drops were experienced by Guinea (−32), Liberia (−33), Sierra Leone (−35) and Bolivia (−37).
References
- ^ "Visa Restriction Index 2006 to 2016". visaindex.com. Retrieved 28 April 2016.
- ^ Andrejevic, Mark and Volcic, Zala (2016). Commercial Nationalism: Selling the Nation and Nationalizing the Sell. Palgrave Macmillian, New York. ISBN 9781137500984
- ^ Oliver Smith, (29 February 2016). "The world's most powerful passports". The Telegraph.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link) - ^ Abrahamian, Atossa Araxia (2015). The Cosmopolites: The Coming of the Global Citizen, pp. 70–93. Colombia Global Reports, New York. ISBN 9780990976363
- ^ a b c d e f "The Henley & Partners Visa Restrictions Index 2016" (PDF). henleyglobal.com. Henley & Partners. Retrieved 2 August 2016.
- ^ Kalin, Christian H. Global Residence and Citizenship Handbook (5 ed.). Ideos Publications. p. 147-148. ISBN 978-3-9524052-7-7.
{{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|1=(help) - ^ Kalin, Christian H. Global Residence and Citizenship Handbook (5 ed.). Ideos Publications. p. 148-149. ISBN 978-3-9524052-7-7.
- ^ Chloe Pantazi (29 February 2016). "Germany has most powerful passport: Henley & Partners – Business Insider". Business Insider.
- ^ Elaine Yu, CNN (1 March 2016). "World's best and worst passports revealed". CNN.
{{cite web}}:|author=has generic name (help) - ^ "PH passport ranked 76th best in the world – The Manila Times Online".
- ^ Adam Taylor (25 February 2016). "This is the least useful passport to carry around the world". Washington Post.