House of Karen
Karen | |
---|---|
Current region | Hyrcania (Gorgan) |
Earlier spellings | Karen-Pahlevi |
Members | Sukhra, Karin, Alanda |
Connected families | Kamsarakan |
Traditions | Descent from Karen |
Part of a series on the History of Tabaristan |
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The House of Karen (also Karen-Pahlevi, -Karan, -Kiran, -Qaran, Qarinwand and -Qaren) were an aristocratic feudal family of Hyrcania (Gorgan). The seat of the house lay at Nahavand, about 65 km south of Ecbatana (present-day Hamedan, Iran).
The Karenas, Karan-Vands, Qarinvand dynasty or Karen-Pahlevi as they are also called, claimed descent from Karen, a figure of folklore and son of the equally mythical Kaveh the blacksmith. The Karenas are first attested in the Arsacid era, specifically as one of the feudal houses affiliated with the Parthian court. In this they were similar to the House of Suren, the only other attested feudal house of the Parthian period. Following the conquest of the Parthians, the Karenas allied themselves with the Sassanids, at whose court they were identified as one of the so-called "Parthian clans".
Following the defeat of the Sasanians by the army of Rashidun at the Battle of Nahavand, the Karenas pledged allegiance to the Caliphate. In 783 however, under Vandad Hormozd and allied with the Bavands, the Karenas proclaimed independence and refused to continue to pay tribute. Notwithstanding repeated (and some temporarily successful) attempts to conquer the Karenas, during which the family had withdrawn further eastwards to the Savadkuh region, some of the lands of the Karenas appear to have remained independent until the 11th century, after which the House of Karen is no longer attested. Other notable members of the family include Maziar, the grandson of Vandad Hormozd, and whose devotion to Zoroastrianism and defiance of the Arabs brought him great fame.
In 1910 or 1911, a treasure vault (popularly called the "Zafar Sultan Treasure", after its finder) was discovered near Nahavand. The hoard - which has since gained mythological status - is today presumed to have once been the property of the Karenas.
Karen Spahbeds
- Sukhra (r. 525-550)
- Karin (r. 550-600)
- Alanda (r. 600-635)
- Valash (r. 650-673)
- Several Karen princes (r. 673-765)
- Vandad Hormozd (r. 765-815)
- Vandad Safan (r. 765-800)
- Karin ibn Vandad Hormozd (r. 815-816)
- Mazyar (r. 817)
- Vinda-Umid (r. 800-820)
- Bavand rule (r. 817)
- Quhyar (r. 817-823)
- Mazyar (r. 823-839/840)
- Quhyar (r. 839)
See also
- Kamsarakan, Armenian noble family that was an offshoot of the House of Karen
- Seven Parthian clans
Sources
- Schindel, Nikolaus (2013). "KAWĀD I i. Reign". Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. XVI, Fasc. 2. pp. 136–141.
{{cite encyclopedia}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - Pourshariati, Parvaneh (2008). Decline and Fall of the Sasanian Empire: The Sasanian-Parthian Confederacy and the Arab Conquest of Iran. London and New York: I.B. Tauris. ISBN 978-1-84511-645-3.
- Al-Tabari, Abu Ja'far Muhammad ibn Jarir (1985–2007). Ehsan Yar-Shater (ed.). The History of Al-Ṭabarī. Vol. 40 vols. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press.
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: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - Bosworth, C. E. (1968). "The Political and Dynastic History of the Iranian World (A.D. 1000–1217)". In Frye, R. N. (ed.). The Cambridge History of Iran, Volume 5: The Saljuq and Mongol periods. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 1–202. ISBN 0-521-06936-X.
{{cite book}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - Frye, R. N. (1986). "Bāwand". The Encyclopedia of Islam, New Edition, Volume I: A–B. Leiden and New York: BRILL. p. 1110. ISBN 90-04-08114-3.
{{cite encyclopedia}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - Madelung, W. (1975). "The Minor Dynasties of Northern Iran". In Frye, R. N. (ed.). The Cambridge History of Iran, Volume 4: From the Arab Invasion to the Saljuqs. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 198–249. ISBN 978-0-521-20093-6.
{{cite book}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - Madelung, W. (1984). "ĀL-E BĀVAND (BAVANDIDS)". Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. I, Fasc. 7. London u.a.: Routledge & Kegan Paul. pp. 747–753. ISBN 90-04-08114-3.
{{cite encyclopedia}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - Rekaya, M. (1997). "Ḳārinids". The Encyclopedia of Islam, New Edition, Volume IV: Iran–Kha. Leiden and New York: BRILL. pp. 644–647. ISBN 90-04-05745-5.
- Mottahedeh, Roy (1975). "The ʿAbbāsid Caliphate in Iran". In Frye, R. N. (ed.). The Cambridge History of Iran, Volume 4: From the Arab Invasion to the Saljuqs. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 57–90. ISBN 978-0-521-20093-6.
{{cite book}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - Ibn Isfandiyar, Muhammad ibn al-Hasan (1905). An Abridged Translation of the History of Tabaristan, Compiled About A.H. 613 (A.D. 1216). Trans. Edward G. Browne. Leyden: E.J. Brill.
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