Hurricane Julia (2022)

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For other storms of the same name, see List of storms named Julia.
Hurricane Julia
Category 1 hurricane (SSHWS/NWS)
Hurricane Julia at peak intensity while making landfall in Nicaragua on October 9
FormedOctober 7, 2022
DissipatedOctober 10, 2022
Highest winds1-minute sustained: 85 mph (140 km/h)
Lowest pressure982 mbar (hPa); 29 inHg
Fatalities47 total, 56 missing
DamageUnknown
Areas affectedTrinidad and Tobago, Venezuela, ABC Islands, Colombia, Central America
Part of the 2022 Atlantic
and Pacific hurricane seasons

Hurricane Julia was a devastating tropical cyclone that caused significant impacts in Central America as a Category 1 hurricane. The tenth named storm and fifth hurricane of the 2022 Atlantic hurricane season, Julia originated from a tropical wave in the tropical North Atlantic Ocean became a named storm on October 7. It took a southerly course through the Caribbean and passed just off the coast of Venezuela at the time it became a tropical cyclone. Only one storm on record, Tropical Storm Bret in 1993, has tracked further south over South America.[1] On October 8, it became a hurricane and proceeded to make landfall in Nicaragua. It emerged into the Pacific Ocean as a tropical storm on October 10, becoming the eighteenth tropical storm of the 2022 Pacific hurricane season, and the second storm of the season to survive the crossover between the Atlantic–Pacific basin. The storm then briefly moved along the coast of El Salvador, before moving inland and dissipating over Guatemala in October 10. Julia brought heavy rains that caused life-threatening flash floods and deadly mudslides in northern Venezuela and much of Central America.

Meteorological history

Map plotting the storm's track and intensity, according to the Saffir–Simpson scale
Map key
Saffir–Simpson scale
  Tropical depression (≤38 mph, ≤62 km/h)
  Tropical storm (39–73 mph, 63–118 km/h)
  Category 1 (74–95 mph, 119–153 km/h)
  Category 2 (96–110 mph, 154–177 km/h)
  Category 3 (111–129 mph, 178–208 km/h)
  Category 4 (130–156 mph, 209–251 km/h)
  Category 5 (≥157 mph, ≥252 km/h)
  Unknown
Storm type
triangle Extratropical cyclone, remnant low, tropical disturbance, or monsoon depression

On October 2, the National Hurricane Center began monitoring a tropical wave over the central tropical Atlantic for possible gradual development.[2] A broad area of low pressure with an ill-defined center formed within the wave on October 4, as it approached the southern Windward Islands.[3] A hurricane hunter mission into the disturbance the following day found tropical storm-strength surface winds, but determined that it did not have a well-defined circulation center.[4] Due to the threat the developing system posed to land areas in the southern Caribbean, the NHC initiated advisories on it as Potential Tropical Cyclone Thirteen on October 6.[5] Later that day, after satellite imagery and radar data indicated that the disturbance had attained sufficient circulation and organized convection, and after hurricane hunter survey data showed the presence of 30–35 mph (45–55 km/h) winds north of the center, it was designated as a tropical depression.[6] A strong burst of deep convection developed near the center of the depression as it moved across the Guajira Peninsula in the early morning of October 7, and soon afterwards, it strengthened into Tropical Storm Julia over the adjacent southwestern Caribbean.[7] Afterward, the morning burst of deep convection was stripped away by northwesterly shear, and the storm's low-level center was exposed for the next several hours. Even so, Julia retained tropical storm intensity.[8] When the shear diminished there was an increase in persistent and deep convection over the center, and the storm began to gain strength.[9] Julia became a category 1 hurricane at 23:00 UTC on October 8,[10] and reached it peak intensity at 02:00 UTC on October 9 with estimated sustained winds of 85 mph (140 km/h) and a minimum central pressure of 982 mb (29.00 inHg).[11] At 07:15 UTC, the storm made landfall near Pearl Lagoon, Nicaragua at the same intensity.[12] The system then gradually weakened to a tropical storm as it moved westward across Nicaragua at about 15 mph (24 km/h), while maintaining a well-defined circulation and deep convection persisting near the center.[13]

At around 00:00 UTC on October 10, Tropical Storm Julia completed its Nicaragua crossing and emerged intact into the Eastern Pacific basin, although it continued to weaken.[14] The system moved to the west and then to the west-northwest parallel to and very near the coasts of Nicaragua and El Salvador with maximum sustained winds of 40 mph (65 km/h). It maintained a band of deep convection over the southern and eastern portions of its circulation, the areas not still interacting with the mountainous terrain inland.[15] At about 12:00 UTC that same day, the center of the storm crossed the coast of El Salvador, about 35 mi (56 km) west of San Salvador, and then weakened to a tropical depression, with the whole of its circulation becoming stretched.[16]

Preparations and Impact

Trinidad and Tobago

On October 5, the disturbance brought heavy thunderstorms to several of the Windward Islands and the Caribbean coast of South America. More than 2 in (51 mm) of rain fell in Trinidad and Tobago in less than a half hour, causing significant flash flooding.[17] That flooding resulted in one fatality, after a woman was swept away, and believed drowned.[18]

Venezuela

Heavy rain from the storm caused widespread flooding and landslides. In Las Tejerías, in north-central Venezuela, at least 30 people died and 54 went missing when mud and debris inundated the town.[19][20][21]

Colombia

The center of Julia passed just south of San Andres Island as it was reaching hurricane strength east of Nicaragua. Officials reported that the storm knocked trees down and blew the roofs off several homes; there have been no reports of fatalities.[22]

Central America

Julia-spawned flooding and landslides caused widespread damage, and at least sixteen people were killed by flooding across Central America: nine in El Salvador, five in Honduras, one in Nicaragua, and one in Panama.[23] In addition, two people are missing in Guatemala.[24][25]

See also

References

  1. ^ Masters, Jeff; Henson, Bob (October 7, 2022). "Tropical Storm Julia forms in southern Caribbean". New Haven, Connecticut: Yale Climate Connections. Retrieved October 7, 2022.
  2. ^ Zelinsky, Dave (October 2, 2022). Tropical Weather Outlook (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved October 6, 2022.
  3. ^ Berg, Robbie (October 4, 2022). Tropical Weather Outlook (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved October 6, 2022.
  4. ^ Masters, Jeff; Henson, Bob (October 5, 2022). "Disturbance 91L drenches the Windward Islands". New Haven, Connecticut: Yale Climate Connections. Retrieved October 6, 2022.
  5. ^ Berg, Robbie (October 6, 2022). Potential Tropical Cyclone Thirteen Advisory Number 1 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved October 6, 2022.
  6. ^ Beven, Jack (October 6, 2022). Tropical Depression Thirteen Advisory Number 3 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved October 6, 2022.
  7. ^ Berg, Robbie (October 7, 2022). Tropical Storm Julia Discussion Number 5 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved October 7, 2022.
  8. ^ Berg, Robbie (October 7, 2022). Tropical Storm Julia Discussion Number 6 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved October 7, 2022.
  9. ^ Reinhart, Brad (October 8, 2022). Tropical Storm Julia Discussion Number 8 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved October 8, 2022.
  10. ^ Beven, Jack (October 8, 2022). Hurricane Julia Tropical Cyclone Update (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved October 8, 2022.
  11. ^ Reinhart. "Hurricane JULIA Advisory 11A". www.nhc.noaa.gov. Retrieved 10 October 2022.
  12. ^ Papin, Philippe; Reinhart, Brad (October 8, 2022). Hurricane Julia Tropical Cyclone Update (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved October 9, 2022.
  13. ^ Berg, Robbie (October 9, 2022). Hurricane Julia Discussion 13 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved October 9, 2022.
  14. ^ Brown, Daniel (October 9, 2022). Tropical Storm Julia Intermediate Advisory Number 14A (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved October 9, 2022.
  15. ^ Reinhart, Brad (October 9, 2022). Tropical Storm Julia Discussion Number 16 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved October 9, 2022.
  16. ^ Blake, Eric (October 9, 2022). Tropical Storm Julia Discussion Number 17 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved October 9, 2022.
  17. ^ Masters, Jeff (October 5, 2022). "Disturbance 91L drenches the Windward Islands". New Haven, Connecticut: Yale Climate Connections. Retrieved October 7, 2022.
  18. ^ "Tropical wave dumps rain over Trinidad and Tobago – Flooded". Trinidad and Tobago Newsday. October 6, 2022. Retrieved October 7, 2022.
  19. ^ Glatsky, Genevieve; Romero, Tibisay (October 9, 2022). "Landslides Leave at Least 22 Dead, and Dozens Missing in Venezuela". The New York Times. Retrieved October 10, 2022.
  20. ^ Delacroix, Matias. "Hurricane Julia 22 dead in landslide in Venezuela". All News Press.com. Retrieved October 10, 2022.
  21. ^ Petley, Dave. "The 8-9 October 2022 disaster at Las Tejerías in Venezuela". The Landslide Blog. Retrieved 10 October 2022.
  22. ^ "Hurricane Julia hits Nicaragua with torrential rainfall". NewsNation. Associated Press. October 9, 2022. Retrieved October 9, 2022.
  23. ^ "Tropical storm Julia kills 14 in Central America as it churns toward Mexico". The New York Post. Reuters. Retrieved 10 October 2022.
  24. ^ "Julia leaves least 4 dead, floods and landslides in Central America". La Prensa Latina. Memphis, Tennessee. EFE. October 9, 2022. Retrieved October 10, 2022.
  25. ^ "8 dead as Julia drenches Central America with rainfall". The Associated Press. Retrieved 10 October 2022.

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Hurricane Julia (2022).
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