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Ignaz von Born

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Ignaz von Born

Ignaz Edler von Born, also known as Ignatius von Born, Czech: Ignác Born, (December 26, 1742 - July 24, 1791), Austrian mineralogist and metallurgist, was born of a noble family at Karlsburg/Alba Iulia, in Transylvania. He was leading scientist in Holy Roman Empire in 1770s in the age of Enlightenment.[1]

His interests include mining, mineralogy, paleontology, chemistry,[1] metallurgy and malacology.

Biography

Educated in a Jesuit college in Vienna, he was for sixteen months a member of the order, but left it and studied law at the Prague University. Then he traveled extensively in Germany, the Netherlands and France, studying mineralogy, and on his return to Prague in 1770 entered the department of mines and the mint.

In 1776 he was appointed by Maria Theresa to arrange the imperial museum at Vienna (German: K.k. Hof-Naturalienkabinette, the predecessor of today's Naturhistorisches Museum), where he was nominated to the council of mines and the mint, and continued to reside until his death.

He introduced a method of extracting metals by amalgamation (Uber des Anquicken der Erze, 1786), and other improvements in mining and other technical processes. His publications also include Lithophylacium Bornianum (1772-1775) and Bergbaukunde (1789), besides several museum catalogues.

Born attempted satire with no great success. Die Staatsperücke, a tale published without his knowledge in 1772. He criticized state bureaucracy in this work.[1] And an attack on Father Hell, the Jesuit, and king's astronomer at Vienna, are two of his satirical works. Part of a satire, entitled Monachologia, in which the monks are described in the technical language of natural history, is also ascribed to him.

Born was well acquainted with Latin and the principal modern languages of Europe, and with many branches of science not immediately connected with metallurgy and mineralogy. He took an active part in the political changes in Hungary. After the death of the emperor Joseph II, the diet of the states of Hungary rescinded many innovations of that ruler, and conferred the rights of denizen on several persons who had been favorable to the cause of the Hungarians, and, amongst others, on Born.

In 1771, von Born was elected a foreign member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences.

At the time of his death in 1791, he was employed in writing a work entitled Fasti Leopoldini, probably relating to the prudent conduct of Leopold II, the successor of Joseph, towards the Hungarians.

As an active free mason in catholic lodge "Benevolence" introduced and tutored Mozart into the lodge. Was a possible prototype of Sarastro in Mozart's opera "The Magic Flute". Ignaz was also the regional head of the Viennese Illuminati lodge, and was a sympathizer with the enlightenment ideas of Gotthold Ephraim Lessing. He published an anticlerical satire called Monachologien in 1783, in which he depicts monks as being of a distinct race that is a mixture between ape and man.[2]

The mineral bornite (Cu5FeS4), a common copper ore mineral was named in his honour.

Bibliography

Species described

Species described by Ignatius von Born include[3]:

gastropods:

synonyms of gastropods:

  • Tritonium costatum (Born, 1778) and Triton costatum (Born, 1778) and Murex costatus Born, 1778 are synonyms for Cymatium parthenopeum (von Salis, 1793)
  • Murex gigas Born, 1780 is a synonym for Syrinx aruanus (Linnaeus, 1758)
  • Turbo torcularis Born, 1778 is a synonym for Torcula exoleta (Linnaeus, 1758)

bivalves:

  • Argopecten nucleus (Born, 1778) - synonyms: Ostrea nucleus Born, 1778; Aequipecten nucleus (Born, 1778); Pecten nucleus (Born, 1778)
  • Ctenoides scabra (Born, 1778) - synonyms: Ostrea scabra Born, 1778; Lima scabra (Born, 1778)
  • Dosinia concentrica (Born, 1778) - synonyms: Venus concentrica Born, 1778; Cytherea concentrica (Born, 1778); Artemis concentrica (Born, 1778)
  • Eurytellina punicea (Born, 1778) - synonym: Tellina punicea Born, 1778
  • Mactra glauca Born, 1778
  • Ostrea cristata Born, 1778
  • Papyridea lata (Born, 1778) - synonym: Cardium latum Born, 1778
  • Pitar circinatus (Born, 1778) - synonyms: Venus circinata Born, 1778; Cytherea circinatus (Born, 1778)
  • Tivela mactroides (Born, 1778) - synonym: Venus mactroides Born, 1778; Cytherea mactroides (Born, 1778)

Notes

Regarding personal names: Edler is a rank of nobility, not a first or middle name. The female form is Edle.

See also

References

  • Public Domain This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. {{cite encyclopedia}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  • Museum guide of Mozarthaus in Vienna (Prestel museum guide)
  1. ^ a b c Template:Cs icon Dvaasedmdesát jmen české historie (46/72). Ignác Born.. (Film document by Czech television, 2009), website accessed 3 October 2009.
  2. ^ Robert Kreil, Wiener Freunde 1784-1800, Wien, 1883.
  3. ^ Malacolog Version 4.1.1. A Database of Western Atlantic Marine Mollusca. accessed 5 October 2009. (searching for Born)

External links

Wikispecies has information related to Ignatius, Edler von Born.
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