Informant

"Stool pigeon" redirects here. For the 1915 film starring Lon Chaney, Sr., see The Stool Pigeon.

An informant (sometimes informer or snitch) is someone existing inside a closed system who provides information of that system to a figure or organization that exists outside of that system. Most notably these organizations include law enforcement agencies, but informants are also utilized by others such as social scientists.

Phrased less formally, an informer or informant could be a member of an underground organization, criminal gang or group outlawed, persecuted or harassed by civil or military authorities who gives the authorities information about the group or its members.

Public attitudes toward informers and informants differ with different circumstances. When the group concerned is involved in principled opposition to a tyrannical regime or a foreign occupation, an informer within its ranks will likely to be considered (at least by those sympathizing with its aims) as a despicable traitor. On the other hand, in cases of criminal gangs considered a danger to society, use of informers might be considered socially useful. In cases where the role of an organization is debated - for example, the many groups regarding themselves as "freedom fighters" but defined by the authorities as "terrorists" - appreciation of informers within their ranks may vary accordingly.

Informer types

Labor organization informers

Corporations and the detective agencies that sometimes represent them have historically hired labor spies to monitor or control labor organizations and their activities. Such individuals may be professionals or recruits from the workforce. They may be willing accomplices, or may be tricked into informing on their co-workers' unionization efforts.

Criminal informers

Informants are most commonly found in the world of organized crime. By its very nature, organized crime involves many people who are aware of each other's guilt in a variety of illegal activities. Quite frequently, informants will provide information in order to obtain lenient treatment for themselves and provide information over an extended period of time in return for money or for police to overlook their own criminal activities. Quite often someone will become an informant following their arrest. The CIA has been criticized for letting major drug lords out of prison as informants. Informants are regarded as traitors by their former criminal associates, who may punish informers with acts of violence or execution. Informers are therefore generally protected, either by being segregated in prison or, if they are not incarcerated, relocated under a new identity.

There has also been much criticism about the witness protection program. Many informers are allowed to enter state and federal witness protection programs after they have given testimony. Once within the shelter of witness protection, these informers often continue with their lives of crime, a lifestyle that casts a large shadow of doubt on the veracity of their testimony. This shows the abuse that witness protection programs can be subjected to. One such notable protected witness was David Clay Lind, a known gang member and reported drug addict who was said to have died of a drug overdose while in witness protection.

The slang term used when defense lawyers make deals with courts and authorities to get a criminal out of jail as an informant is called "pulling a Jeremy" coined after the infamous American informant code named "Jeremy" who disclosed information about the whereabouts of President Noriega during Operation Just Cause, leading to Noriega's capture. They may be allowed to engage in crime, so that the potential informant can blend into the criminal environment without suspicion.

Whatever the nature of a group, it is bound to feel strong hostility towards any known informers, regard them as threats and inflict punishments ranging from social ostracism through physical abuse and/or death. TUCK IS A HUGE SNITCH, TUCK YA CHAIN IN WEN YA SEE IM

Terms for informants

Several slang terms for informants have arisen over the years, most of them pejorative. They include:

• Rat
• Snitch

Non-pejorative terms include:

• Supergrass
• Whistleblower

See also

• Espionage
• Pentiti
• Witness Protection Program
• Whistle-blower
• Supergrass (informer)
• Stop Snitching
• The Informer, 1935 film directed by John Ford
• On the Waterfront, in which Marlon Brando plays an informant