Israeli Transverse Mercator
| Geodesy |
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Israeli Transverse Mercator (Hebrew: רשת ישראל החדשה Reshet Yisra'el Ha-Ḥadasha; ITM) is the new geographic coordinate system for Israel. The name is derived from the Transverse Mercator projection it uses and the fact that it is optimized for Israel. ITM has replaced the old coordinate system ICS. This coordinate system is sometimes also referred as the "New Israeli Grid". It is in use since January 1, 1994.
The need for a new grid
ITM replaced the old grid ICS which was based on the Cassini-Soldner projection. The central meridian in the new projection, as in the old one, crosses through Jerusalem. Replacing the projection eliminates two prominent drawbacks in the old network: assigning negative latitudinal values to the Southern Negev and the possibility of confusing coordinate values on the X and Y axes. The new system relocated the Y axis 50 km westward and the X axis 500 km southward so that now the entire country is covered by positive coordinate values.
Additional information on the creation of the new grid is available in Hebrew[1]
Examples
An ITM coordinate is generally given as a pair of two six digit numbers (excluding any digits behind a decimal point which may be used in very precise surveying). The first number is always the Easting and the second is the Northing. The easting and northing are in metres from the false origin.
The ITM coordinate for the Western Wall at Jerusalem is:
- E 222286 m
- N 631556 m
The first figure is the easting and means that the location is 222,286 meters east from the false origin (along the X axis). The second figure is the northing and puts the location 631,556 meters north of the false origin (along the Y axis). Also notice how the easting in this example is indicated with an “E” and likewise an “N” for the northing. The fact that the coordinate is in meters is indicated by the lowercase m.
The table below shows the same coordinate in 3 different grids:
| Grid | Easting | Northing |
|---|---|---|
| ITM (Israeli Transverse Mercator) | 222286 | 631556 |
| ICS (Israeli Cassini-Soldner) | 172249 | 1131586 |
| UTM (Universal Transverse Mercator) | 711563 | 3518045 |
Grid Parameters
The ITM coordinate system is defined[2] by the following parameters:
| Ellipsoid | GRS80 | |
| Semi-major axis a | 6378137.000 | meter |
| Inverse flattening (1/f) | 298.257222100882711 |
Origin Point
| Latitude | 31° 44' 03.8170" N |
| Longitude | 35° 12' 16.2610" E |
False Origin
| False Easting | 219529.584 | meter |
| False Easting | 626907.390 | meter |
| Scale Factor | 1.0000067 |
Parameters for conversion to WGS84
| Ellipsoid | WGS84 | |
| a | 6378137 | meter |
| 1/f | 298.257223563 |
Shift
| dX | -24.0024 | meter |
| dY | -17.1032 | meter |
| dZ | -17.8444 | meter |
Rotation
| X | -0.33077 | sec |
| Y | -1.85269 | sec |
| Z | 1.66969 | sec |
Scale
| Scale | 5.4248 | ppm |
See also
References
- ^ "New Grid for Israel", in Hebrew, retrieved September 27, 2007, about the New Israeli Grid, published by the Mapping Center of Israel (MAPI) in the official website
- ^ Survey Regulations 2016, p. 36 (1378)
External links
- MAPI (Mapping Center of Israel) official website (Hebrew).
- Converting latitude and longitude to ITM coordinates (free and open source software).
- Geography educational website of Haifa's university.