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James Blenk

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The Most Reverend


James Herbert Blenk

S.M.
Archbishop of New Orleans
SeeNew Orleans
InstalledApril 20, 1906
Term endedApril 20, 1917
PredecessorPlacide Louis Chapelle
SuccessorJohn William Shaw
Other post(s)Bishop of Puerto Rico (1899-1906)
Orders
OrdinationAugust 16, 1885
ConsecrationJuly 2, 1899
Personal details
Born(1856-07-28)July 28, 1856
Edenkoben, Bavaria, Germany
DiedApril 20, 1917(1917-04-20) (aged 60)
New Orleans, Louisiana, U.S.

James Hubert Herbert Blenk, S.M. (July 28, 1856 – April 20, 1917) was a German American prelate of the Roman Catholic Church who served as Bishop of Puerto Rico (1899–1906)[1] and Archbishop of New Orleans (1906–1917).

Biography

James Blenk was born in Edenkoben, Rhenish Palatinate, to James and Catherine (née Wiedemann) Blenk.[2] Born and raised in a Protestant family, he was the youngest of seventeen children and also a twin but his twin brother died at six months.[2] In 1866 he and his family emigrated from Germany and moved to New Orleans, Louisiana, in the United States.[3] His parents died only some weeks later and the orphan James Blenk was brought up in a Catholic family. Converting to Catholicism at age 12, Blenk was baptized at St. Alphonsus Church in 1869 and later confirmed by Archbishop Napoléon-Joseph Perché.[3]

After completing his primary education in New Orleans, he entered Jefferson College (in Convent, Louisiana), eventually joining the Society of Mary (more commonly known as the Marist Fathers) 1878.[4] He was then sent to the Marist House of Studies in Belley, France, and completed his probationary studies at the novitiate in Lyons before being sent to further his studies at the Catholic University of Ireland in Dublin.[3] In Ireland, he taught mathematics at St. Mary's College, Dundalk (1881–82).[5]

Blenk was ordained to the priesthood by Archbishop Francis Redwood, S.M., on August 16, 1885.[6] Upon his return to Louisiana in October 1885, he served as professor of humanities, rhetoric, philosophy, mathematics, and natural science at his alma mater of Jefferson College, where he later served as president from 1891 to 1897.[5] In 1896, at the invitation of the superior general of the Marist Fathers, he visited all the houses of that religious institute in Europe.[3] He returned to New Orleans in February 1897, and was named rector of the Church of the Holy Name of Mary in Algiers.[3] When Archbishop Placide Louis Chapelle was chosen as Apostolic Delegate to Cuba and the Apostolic Nunciature to the Philippines in 1899, Blenk became auditor and secretary of the Apostolic Delegation.[5]

On June 12, 1899, Blenk was appointed Bishop of Puerto Rico by Pope Leo XIII.[6] He received his episcopal consecration on the following July 2 from Archbishop Chapelle, with Bishops Gustave Rouxel and Theophile Meerschaert serving as co-consecrators.[6] Before his departure for Puerto Rico, the island was struck by Hurricane San Ciriaco; through his personal efforts he raised $30,000 to take with him to alleviate the sufferings of his new congregation.[3] During his tenure, Blenk established a college and founded several schools and convents.[5] He was, however, forced to suppress the seminary due to a lack of resources and seminarians.[2] He also renovated the Cathedral of San Juan Bautista for over $12,000.[5]

Blenk was promoted to the seventh Archbishop of New Orleans on April 20, 1906.[6] He received the pallium, a vestment worn by metropolitan bishops, on April 24, 1907.[5] During his tenure, Blenk systematized the Catholic school system in New Orleans, unifying and standardizing the Catholic educational board and insisting upon the establishment of parochial schools in each parish.[7] He also continued the practice of segregated parishes for African Americans and established several himself, including St. Dominic Church in 1909.[8] He believed it was through segregated churches that "racial feelings and natural differences can be best adjusted."[8]

He also organized the Louisiana State Federation of Catholic Societies (1908), Catholic Societies of Women of Louisiana (1911), Knights of Peter Claver at Opelousas (1912), and Catholic Women's Club (1916).[9] His final years were marked by the 1915 New Orleans hurricane and the outbreak of World War I.[9] Furthermore, he successfully campaigned against the taxation of church rectories and for the abolition of race track gambling.[5]

Death

Blenk died eleven years after his appointment to New Orleans, aged 60.[why?][6]

Archbishop Blenk was the principal consecrator of Bishops John William Shaw (1863–1934), Joseph Patrick Lynch (1872–1954), John Edward Gunn S.M. (1863–1924) and John Laval (1854–1937),[10] the Auxiliary Bishop of New Orleans. John William Shaw becyame his successor as Archbishop of New Orleans.

References

  1. ^ Gerardo Alberto Hernández-Aponte, La Iglesia Católica en Puerto Rico ante la invasión de Estados Unidos de América. Lucha, sobrevivencia y estabilización: (1898-1921). Segunda edición, San Juan, Puerto Rico: Academia Puertorriqueña de la Historia y Decanato de Estudios Graduados e Investigación (DEGI) de la Universidad de Puerto Rico, Recinto de Río Piedras, 2013, pp. 190, 195-209.
  2. ^ a b c "The Catholic Historical Review". American Catholic Historical Association.
  3. ^ a b c d e f "New Orleans". Catholic Encyclopedia.
  4. ^ O'Donnell, John Hugh. "Blenk, James H.". The Catholic Hierarchy of the United States, 1790-1922.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g "James H. Blenk profile". The National Cyclopedia of American Biography.
  6. ^ a b c d e "Archbishop James Herbert Blenk, S.M." Catholic-Hierarchy.org.
  7. ^ Anderson, R. Bentley. Black, White, and Catholic. {{cite news}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  8. ^ a b Bennett, James B. Religion and the Rise of Jim Crow in New Orleans. {{cite news}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  9. ^ a b "A History of the Archdiocese of New Orleans: The Turn of Century (1888-1918)". Roman Catholic Archdiocese of New Orleans.
  10. ^ Bishop John Marie Laval

Episcopal succession

Catholic Church titles
Preceded by
Bishop of Puerto Rico
1899–1906 		Succeeded by
Preceded by
Archbishop of New Orleans
1906–1917 		Succeeded by


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