John II, Duke of Alençon

John II, Duke of Alençon
John of Alençon, dressed as a Knight of the Golden Fleece
Born	(1409-03-02)2 March 1409 Château d'Argentan
Died	8 September 1476(1476-09-08) (aged 67) Paris
Noble family	House of Valois-Alençon
Spouse(s)	Jeanne of Valois m. 1424 wid. 19 May 1432 Marie of Armagnac m. 30 April 1437 wid. 25 July 1473
Father	John I of Alençon
Mother	Marie of Brittany

Coat of arms as Duke of Alençon.

John II of Alençon (2 March 1409, Château d'Argentan – 8 September 1476, Paris) was the son of John I of Alençon and his wife Marie of Brittany, Lady of La Guerche (1391–1446), daughter of John V, Duke of Brittany and Joan of Navarre. He succeeded his father as Duke of Alençon and Count of Perche as a minor in 1415, after the latter's death at the Battle of Agincourt. He is best known as a general in the Last Phase of the Hundred Years' War and for his role as a comrade-in-arms of Joan of Arc, who called him "le beau duc" ("the fair duke"/"the gentle duke").

He saw action at the age of fifteen at the Battle of Verneuil on 17 August 1424, and was captured by the English. He was held prisoner until 1429 at Le Crotoy, paying 200,000 saluts d'or for his ransom. He sold all he possessed to the English, and his fief of Fougères to the Duke of Brittany. After Alençon's capture, the Duke of Bedford, regent of Henry VI, took control of his duchy. He would not regain Alençon until 1449, but remained the titular duke in the eyes of the French crown. When he left prison, Jean d'Alençon was called "the poorest man in France".

Before his capture at Verneuil, he had married in 1424, at the Chateau de Blois, Jeanne of Valois, daughter of Charles, duc d'Orléans and Isabella of Valois, but she died in Angers in 1432, having given him no children.

In April 1429, not long after his release, the duke heard about Joan of Arc, who had come to Charles VII at Chinon, promising to liberate France from the English, asking that he send her with an army to lift the Siege of Orléans. Alençon came eagerly to Chinon and very quickly became her good friend and most prominent supporter among the princes of the blood. He accompanied her to Orléans, where he became the official commander of the French army there and played a major role in Joan's decisive victory against the English alongside Jean de Dunois and La Hire among others. He then joined her in the liberation of the rest of the Loire Valley. He left to fight elsewhere after the end of the campaign in September 1429, preferring to attack the English around his own domains in Normandy. Upon Joan's martyrdom on 30 May 1431, when she was burnt at the stake by the English at Rouen, Alençon was one of the people most devastated by the loss.

On 30 April 1437, at the Chateau L'Isle-Jourdain, he married Marie of Armagnac (c. 1420 – 25 July 1473, Cloister Mortagne-au-Perche), daughter of Jean IV of Armagnac.

John was discontented with the Treaty of Arras, having hoped to make good his poverty through the spoliation of the Burgundians. He fell out with Charles VII, and took part in a revolt in 1439–40, (the Praguerie) but was forgiven, having been a lifelong friend of the king. He took part in the invasion of Normandy in 1449, but he had unwisely entered into correspondence with the English since 1440. (He had also accepted the Order of the Golden Fleece at this time.) Shortly after testifying at the "rehabilitation trial" of Joan of Arc in 1456, he was arrested by Jean de Dunois and imprisoned at Aigues-Mortes. In 1458, he was convicted of lèse-majesté and sentenced to death, but the sentence was commuted and he was imprisoned at Loches. He was released by Louis XI upon terms at his accession in 1461, but he refused to keep them and was imprisoned again. He was tried a second time before the Parlement of Paris and sentenced to death again on 18 July 1474, and his Duchy was confiscated. However, the sentence was not carried out, and he died in prison in the Louvre in 1476.

He had two children by his second wife, Marie:

• Catherine (1452–1505), married 1461 in Tours François fr (died 1501)
• René of Alençon (1454–1492), who would regain his father's confiscated titles of Duke of Alençon and Count of Perche in 1478

He also had several illegitimate children:

• John (living 1483)
• Robert (living 1489)
• Jeanne (d. aft. 4 December 1481), Countess of Beaumont-le-Roger, married in 1470 Guy de Maulmont
• Madeleine, married Henri de Breuil

Ancestors

Family of John II, Duke of Alençon

16. Charles of Valois 8. Charles II of Alençon 17. Marguerite of Anjou and Maine 4. Peter II of Alençon 18. Fernando de la Cerda 9. Maria de la Cerda 19. Juana Nunez de Lara 2. John I, Duke of Alençon 10. William de Chamaillard, Seigneur d'Autenaise and Sourches 5. Marie de Chamaillard 22. Jean de Brienne, Vicomte de Beaumont 11. Marie de Beaumont 23. Isabeau d' Harcourt 1. John II, Duke of Alençon 24. Arthur II, Duke of Brittany 12. John of Montfort 25. Yolande de Dreux 6. John IV, Duke of Brittany 26. Louis, Count of Nevers 13. Joanna of Flanders 27. Jeanne of Rethel 3. Marie of Brittany 28. Philip of Évreux 14. Charles II of Navarre 29. Joan II of Navarre 7. Joanna of Navarre 30. John II of France 15. Joanna of Valois 31. Bonne of Luxembourg

References

• http://xenophongroup.com/montjoie/compgns.htm
• http://www.futura-dtp.dk/SLAG/Personer/NavneA/AlenconDuc.htm
• http://www.maidofheaven.com/joanofarc_alencon.asp