Juan Ignacio Molina
Juan Ignacio Molina | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Born | June 24, 1740 Guaraculén, now Chile |
| Died | September 12, 1829 (aged 89) |
Fr. Juan Ignacio Molina (Spanish pronunciation: [xwan iɣˈnaθjo moˈlina]; June 24, 1740 – September 12, 1829) was a Spanish, later Chilean, Jesuit priest, naturalist, historian, botanist, ornithologist and geographer. He is usually referred to as Abate Molina (a form of Abbott Molina), and is also sometimes known by the Italian form of his name, Giovanni Ignazio Molina.
Biography
Molina was born at Guaraculén, a big farm located near Villa Alegre (General Captaincy of Chile), in the current province of Linares, in the Maule Region of Chile. His parents were Agustín Molina and Francisca González Bruna.
He was educated at Talca and the Jesuit College at Concepción. He was forced to leave Chile in 1768 when the Jesuits were expelled from the Spanish Empire. He settled in Bologna, Italy, and became professor of natural sciences there. He wrote Saggio sulla Storia Naturale del Chili [1] (1782), which was the first account of the natural history of that country, and in which he described many species new to science.
Scientific work
As a scientist native to the Americas Molina was very critical of the work of Cornelius de Pauw, who was in Europe regarded as an expert on the Americas, and accused him of "always attempting to degrade and discredit the Americas". Some of De Pauw's statements on the supposedly poor aspects of the mineral wealth of the Americas were countered by Molina as well as De Pauw's claims on the shorter lives of people that inhabited the Americas.[2]
Molina expressed support for a sedimentary origin of basalt in Ensayo sobre la historia natural de Chile where he pointed out the fact that basalt occurred both in the Andes and in coast of Chiloé where there were no sign of eruption and believed basalt to be a sort of compacted slate with vesicles.[2]
As early as 1787 Molina mentioned the possibility of South America being populated from south Asia through the "infinite island chains" of the Pacific while North America could have been populated from Siberia.[3]
Botanical taxonomy
Ruiz and Pavón dedicated to him the plant genus Molina, later considered a subgenus of Baccharis by Wilhelm Heering (Reiche 1902), and recently recreated as Neomolina by F.H. Hellwig and ranked as genus. Other authors dedicated Moliniopsis, a genus of Gramineae, as a synonym of Molinia Schrank (nomen illegitimum). Molina has also been linked to the naming of the genus Maytenus.
Zoological taxonomy
A species of Chilean lizard, Liolaemus molinai, is named in his honor.[5]
See also
- Miguel de Olivares
- Alonso de Ovalle
- List of Jesuit scientists
- List of Roman Catholic scientist-clerics
Notes
- ^ Translated into English as The Geographical, Natural and Civil History of Chili, in two volumes. Volume I, Volume II
- ^ a b ENSAYO SOBRE LA HISTORIA NATURAL DE CHILE. Juan Ignacio Molina
- ^ The Geographical, Natural and Civil History of Chili, Volume II
- ^ International Plant Names Index. Molina.
- ^ Beolens, B.; Watkins, M.; Grayson, M. (2011). The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. xiii + 296 pp. ISBN 978-1-4214-0135-5. ("Molina", p. 181).
Sources
- Hellwig, H. F. (1993). The genera Pingraea Cassini and Neomolina Hellwig Candollea (PDF). Vol. 48. Santiago, Chile. p. 212. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2006-06-21.
{{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameters:|laydate=,|chapterurl=,|laysummary=, and|lastauthoramp=(help); Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help)CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - Reiche, K. F. (1902). Estudios críticos sobre la flora de Chile. Anales de la Universidad de Chile (in Spanish). Vol. 111. Santiago, Chile. pp. 153–183.
{{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameters:|laydate=,|laysummary=,|chapterurl=, and|lastauthoramp=(help)CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). . Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
Further reading
- "Juan Ignacio Molina," in Tom Taylor and Michael Taylor, Aves: A Survey of the Literature of Neotropical Ornithology, Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Libraries, 2011.
- Ronan, Charles. Juan Ignacio Molina: The World's Window on Chile. Series: American University Studies (Book 198). Peter Lang Inc., International Academic Publishers (March 1, 2002).
External links
- Chilean botanists
- Chilean zoologists
- Chilean geographers
- 1740 births
- 1829 deaths
- Chilean ornithologists
- Chilean mammalogists
- Chilean naturalists
- Chilean Jesuits
- Jesuit scientists
- Jesuit historians and chroniclers
- Captaincy General of Chile people
- Chilean exiles
- Jesuit exiles
- Catholic clergy scientists
- People from Linares Province
- 18th-century botanists
- 19th-century botanists
- 18th-century Christian clergy
- 19th-century Christian clergy
- 18th-century Chilean historians
- 19th-century Chilean historians
- 18th-century zoologists
- 19th-century zoologists