Kirov, Kirov Oblast
Kirov
Киров | |
---|---|
View of Kirov View of Kirov | |
Coordinates: 58°36′N 49°39′E / 58.600°N 49.650°E | |
Country | Russia |
Federal subject | Kirov Oblast[1] |
Founded | 1181[2] |
Government | |
• Body | City Duma[3] |
• Head[5] | Vladimir Bykov[4] |
Area | |
• Total | 169.73 km2 (65.53 sq mi) |
Elevation | 150 m (490 ft) |
Population | |
• Total | 473,695 |
• Estimate (2018)[9] | 507,155 (+7.1%) |
• Rank | 38th in 2010 |
• Density | 2,800/km2 (7,200/sq mi) |
• Subordinated to | City of Kirov[1] |
• Capital of | Kirov Oblast,[1] City of Kirov[1] |
• Urban okrug | Kirov Urban Okrug[10] |
• Capital of | Kirov Urban Okrug[10] |
Time zone | UTC+3 (MSK ![]() |
Postal code(s)[12] | 610000-610050 |
Dialing code(s) | +7 8332 |
OKTMO ID | 33701000001 |
City Day | June 12 |
Website | www |
Kirov (Russian: Киров, IPA: [ˈkʲirəf]), formerly known as Vyatka (Вя́тка) and Khlynov (Хлы́нов), is a city and the administrative center of Kirov Oblast, Russia, located on the Vyatka River. Population: 473,695 (2010 Census);[8] 480,411 (2002 Census);[14] 440,240 (1989 Soviet census).[15]
History
The fort of Khlynov, situated just west of the Ural Mountains, was founded by Novgorodian entrepreneurs in 1181. It was first mentioned as a town in documents from 1374. Khlynov was incorporated into the Grand Duchy of Moscow in 1489 and became known throughout Russia for its clay statuettes and whistles. It was also managed by Khanate of Kazan and was known as "Hılın". The town's oldest surviving monument is the Assumption Cathedral (1689), an imposing structure surmounted by five globular domes.
In 1781, Catherine the Great renamed the town Vyatka and made it the seat of Vyatka Governorate.[citation needed] The town also served as a place of exile, notably for Alexander Herzen, Alexander Vitberg, and Mikhail Saltykov-Shchedrin. By the end of the 19th century, it was an important station on the Trans-Siberian railway. In December 1934,[citation needed] it was renamed for the Soviet leader Sergey Kirov, who had been assassinated on December 1. However, whilst the name Kirov has remained since the dissolution of the Soviet Union, numerous institutions such as the university bear the former name of Vyatka.
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The northeastern part of the Vyatka | City wharf and the ensemble of the Central square | Spasskaya Street | Khlebnaya Square | ||||
S. Lobovikov |
Administrative and municipal status
Kirov is the administrative center of the oblast.[1] Within the framework of administrative divisions, it is, together with 134 rural localities, incorporated as the City of Kirov—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts.[1] As a municipal division, the City of Kirov is incorporated as Kirov Urban Okrug.[10]
Economy
Kirov is a major transport hub (railway; Trans-Siberian main) and river port. It is served by Kirov Pobedilovo airport. During the 1990s this airport was closed and for several years provided only irregular service. During the 2003-2006 summer seasons there were signs of a revival in air transportation as several companies attempted to establish flight routes from Kirov to Moscow and Krasnodar. Since 2006 Kirov airport has been used by a local company operating flights to Moscow.
The Kirov River port went bankrupt in the late 1990s and all its river boats were sold to other regions. Kirov is a center of machine building; metallurgy, light, the printing trade, biochemical and the timber industry.
Culture
Museums
Vyatka Museum of Art, one of the oldest museums in Russia, was founded in 1910 by local artists.
The idea of creation belongs to natives of Vyatka land, brothers artists Viktor Vasnetsov and Apollinary Vasnetsov. At the core of the collection — works that received the most part in the 1910-1920s from the State Museum Fund, private collections and as gifts — from patrons and artists. Today the museum has more than fifteen thousand exhibits and is located in four buildings in Kirov downtown.[16]
- Museum of K.E. Tsiolkovsky, Aviation & Space
- Vyatka cabinet of curiosities
- Kirov diorama
- House-Museum of M.E. Saltykov-Shchedrin
- Museum of A. Green
- House-Museum of N. Khokhryakova
- Kirov exhibition hall
- Kirov Planetarium
- Vyatka paleontological museum[17]
Theaters
- Kirov Oblast Drama Theater
- Kirov State Puppet Theater
- Kirov State Theater of Young Spectators "Theater of the Spasskaya"
Circus
According to a report in Pravda dated January 4, 2005, Kirov is known as the "city of twins" for the unusually high number of multiple births there.[18]
According to a report, the city is home to a high concentration of red-haired individuals.[19]
Sports
Rodina[20] plays in the highest division of Russian Bandy League. Their home arena has a capacity of 7500.[21] It will be the venue of the national final in 2013.[22]
Education
Kirov is the home of Vyatka University, Vyatka University for the Humanities, Vyatka Agricultural Academy and Kirov State Medical Academy.
Climate
Kirov has a humid continental climate (Köppen climate classification Dfb).
Climate data for Kirov | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °C (°F) | 3.8 (38.8) |
6.0 (42.8) |
13.9 (57.0) |
27.3 (81.1) |
32.9 (91.2) |
36.9 (98.4) |
36.6 (97.9) |
35.9 (96.6) |
30.1 (86.2) |
22.6 (72.7) |
11.0 (51.8) |
7.0 (44.6) |
36.9 (98.4) |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | −8.7 (16.3) |
−7.4 (18.7) |
0.0 (32.0) |
8.8 (47.8) |
16.9 (62.4) |
22.0 (71.6) |
24.2 (75.6) |
20.6 (69.1) |
14.0 (57.2) |
5.9 (42.6) |
−2.6 (27.3) |
−7.1 (19.2) |
7.2 (45.0) |
Daily mean °C (°F) | −11.9 (10.6) |
−10.9 (12.4) |
−4.0 (24.8) |
4.0 (39.2) |
11.2 (52.2) |
16.5 (61.7) |
18.9 (66.0) |
15.6 (60.1) |
9.7 (49.5) |
3.0 (37.4) |
−4.9 (23.2) |
−9.9 (14.2) |
3.1 (37.6) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −15.0 (5.0) |
−14.0 (6.8) |
−7.6 (18.3) |
−0.1 (31.8) |
6.3 (43.3) |
11.8 (53.2) |
14.1 (57.4) |
11.6 (52.9) |
6.4 (43.5) |
0.6 (33.1) |
−7.2 (19.0) |
−12.8 (9.0) |
−0.5 (31.1) |
Record low °C (°F) | −41.9 (−43.4) |
−40.5 (−40.9) |
−33.8 (−28.8) |
−21.2 (−6.2) |
−10.5 (13.1) |
−2.4 (27.7) |
2.7 (36.9) |
0.0 (32.0) |
−8.3 (17.1) |
−23.2 (−9.8) |
−39.8 (−39.6) |
−45.2 (−49.4) |
−45.2 (−49.4) |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 49 (1.9) |
33 (1.3) |
38 (1.5) |
34 (1.3) |
54 (2.1) |
78 (3.1) |
77 (3.0) |
77 (3.0) |
61 (2.4) |
64 (2.5) |
57 (2.2) |
55 (2.2) |
677 (26.7) |
Average rainy days | 6 | 4 | 6 | 14 | 18 | 19 | 18 | 20 | 22 | 20 | 11 | 7 | 165 |
Average snowy days | 28 | 24 | 20 | 9 | 3 | 0.3 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 12 | 24 | 28 | 149 |
Average relative humidity (%) | 85 | 81 | 74 | 65 | 60 | 67 | 70 | 76 | 80 | 84 | 86 | 85 | 76 |
Mean monthly sunshine hours | 35 | 74 | 141 | 201 | 265 | 284 | 269 | 233 | 130 | 61 | 33 | 21 | 1,747 |
Source 1: Pogoda.ru.net[23] | |||||||||||||
Source 2: NOAA (sun 1961–1990)[24] |
Gallery
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Kirov New bridge
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Kirov. The bottom pond at a diorama
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Armenian church. Kirov
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Spasskaya Street
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The bandy stadium
Twin towns and sister cities
Kirov is twinned with:
Notable people
- Anna Alminova (born 1985), middle distance runner
- Yuri Ardashev (born 1965), theatre director, actor
- Ekaterina Atalik (born 1982), chess player
- Mikhail Bagayev (born 1985), football player
- Aleksey Borovitin (born 1954), ski jumper
- Yevgeny Charushin (1901-1965), illustrator, author of children's literature
- Oksana Domnina, (born 1984), ice dancer
- Vyacheslav Dryagin, (1940-2002), Nordic combined skier
- Boris Farmakovsky (1870-1928), historian, archaeologist
- Matvey Gusev (1826-1866), astronomer
- Maria Isakova (1918-2011), speed skater
- Kirill Khaliavin (born 1990), ice dancer
- Lev Knyazev (1926-2012), writer
- Olga Kuragina (born 1959), athlete
- Alexey Kuzmichev (born 1962), businessman
- Boris Kuznetsov (born 1944), lawyer
- Andrei Malykh (born 1988), football player
- Ksenia Monko (born 1922), ice dancer
- Sergey Obukhov (born 1974), bandy player
- Svetlana Pletneva (1926-2008), historian, archaeologist
- Aleksei Pugin (born 1987), football player
- Ivan Shefer (born 1983), ice dancer
- Yekaterina Shikhova (born 1985), speed skater
- Alexei Sitnikov (born 1986), ice dancer
- Alexander Stolbov (born 1929), painter
- Nikolai Tchaikovsky (1851-1926), revolutionary, politician
- Mikhail Tyufyakov (born 1974), football player and manager
- Vladimir Urin (born 1947), theatre director, actor
- Yuri Vshivtsev (1940-2010), football player
- Valentin Yanin (born 1929), historian, archaeologist
- Julia Zlobina (born 1989), ice dancer
References
Notes
- ^ a b c d e f g Law #387-ZO
- ^ Russian Academy of Sciences: Institute of Russian History (May 28, 2009). "Историческая экспертиза по вопросу о возвращении городу Кирову его исторического названия (Historical examination on the return to the city of Kirov its historical name)" (in Russian). Press Center of Government of Kirov Oblast. Retrieved February 22, 2012.
- ^ Кировская городская Дума
- ^ "The head of the city of Kirov" (in Russian). Official website of the city of Kirov. Retrieved January 25, 2010.
- ^ Charter of Kirov, Article 28
- ^ Генеральный план Кирова
- ^ Площадь в границах Кировского городского округа — 757,04 км²
- ^ a b Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1 [2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1]. Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года [2010 All-Russia Population Census] (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service.
- ^ "26. Численность постоянного населения Российской Федерации по муниципальным образованиям на 1 января 2018 года". Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved January 23, 2019.
- ^ a b c Law #284-ZO
- ^ "Об исчислении времени". Официальный интернет-портал правовой информации (in Russian). June 3, 2011. Retrieved January 19, 2019.
- ^ Почта России. Информационно-вычислительный центр ОАСУ РПО. (Russian Post). Поиск объектов почтовой связи (Postal Objects Search) (in Russian)
- ^ a b Template:Ru icon"15 лет от имени народа : Законодательное Собрание", под общ. ред. В. А. Васильева. (Киров:Триада-плюс, 2009) – 280 с.
- ^ Federal State Statistics Service (May 21, 2004). Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек [Population of Russia, Its Federal Districts, Federal Subjects, Districts, Urban Localities, Rural Localities—Administrative Centers, and Rural Localities with Population of Over 3,000] (XLS). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года [All-Russia Population Census of 2002] (in Russian).
- ^ Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров [All Union Population Census of 1989: Present Population of Union and Autonomous Republics, Autonomous Oblasts and Okrugs, Krais, Oblasts, Districts, Urban Settlements, and Villages Serving as District Administrative Centers]. Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года [All-Union Population Census of 1989] (in Russian). Институт демографии Национального исследовательского университета: Высшая школа экономики [Institute of Demography at the National Research University: Higher School of Economics]. 1989 – via Demoscope Weekly.
- ^ http://artgallery.kirov.ru/vasnecov.html
- ^ Вятский палеонтологический музей
- ^ "Multiple births in Oblast Kirov". Retrieved August 28, 2010.
- ^ "Map of Redheads in Europe". Retrieved July 2, 2013.
- ^ ""Родина" Киров Официальный сайт хоккейного клуба - Новости". Khcrodina.ru. March 14, 2013. Retrieved March 26, 2013.
- ^ "Google Translate". Translate.google.co.uk. Retrieved March 26, 2013.
- ^ "Google Translate". Translate.google.co.uk. Retrieved March 26, 2013.
- ^ "Weather and Climate-The Climate of Kirov" (in Russian). Погода и климат. Retrieved April 5, 2016.
- ^ "Kirov Climate Normals 1961–1990". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved April 5, 2016.
Sources
- Законодательное Собрание Кировской области. Закон №387-ЗО от 2 декабря 2005 г. «Об административно-территориальном устройстве Кировской области», в ред. Закона №249-ЗО от 29 декабря 2012 г. «О внесении изменений в Закон Кировской области "Об административно-территориальном устройстве Кировской области"». Вступил в силу со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Вятский край", №228–228 (3635–3636), 13 декабря 2005 г. (Legislative Assembly of Kirov Oblast. Law #387-ZO of December 2, 2005 On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Kirov Oblast, as amended by the Law #249-ZO of December 29, 2012 On Amending the Law of Kirov Oblast "On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Kirov Oblast". Effective as of the day of the official publication.).
- Законодательное Собрание Кировской области. Закон №284-ЗО от 7 декабря 2004 г. «Об установлении границ муниципальных образований Кировской области и наделении их статусом муниципального района, городского округа, городского поселения, сельского поселения», в ред. Закона №350-ЗО от 11 ноября 2013 г. «О внесении изменений в отдельные Законы Кировской области». Вступил в силу по истечении 10 дней со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Вятский край", №233–234 (3401–3402), 21 декабря 2004 г. (Legislative Assembly of Kirov Oblast. Law #284-ZO of December 7, 2004 On Establishing the Borders of the Municipal Formations of Kirov Oblast and on Granting Them the Municipal District, Urban Okrug, Urban Settlement, Rural Settlement Status, as amended by the Law #350-ZO of November 11, 2013 On Amending Various Laws of Kirov Oblast. Effective as of after 10 days from the day of the official publication.).
- Кировская городская Дума. Решение №42/19 от 29 июня 2005 г. «Об Уставе муниципального образования "Город Киров"», в ред. Решения №40/5 от 25 сентября 2015 г. «О внесении изменений в Устав муниципального образования "Город Киров", принятый Решением Кировской городской Думы от 29.06.2005 №42/19». Вступил в силу в соответствии со статьёй 56. Опубликован: "Вятский край", №130 (3538), 13 июля 2005 г. (Kirov City Duma. Decision #42/19 of June 29, 2005 On the Charter of the Municipal Formation of the "City of Kirov", as amended by the Decision #40/5 of September 25, 2015 On Amending the Charter of the Municipal Formation of the "City of Kirov" Adopted by the Decision #42/19 of Kirov City Duma of June 29, 2005. Effective as of the date set forth in accordance with the provisions of Article 56.).
Further reading
- Template:Ru icon Vyatka. Materials for the History of the 17th and 18th Centuries (1887) (Вятка. Материалы для истории города XVII и XVIII столетий) at Runivers.ru in DjVu and PDF formats
External links