Leila Abouzeid

Leila Abouzeid (Arabic: ليلة أبو زيد) (born 1950, El Ksiba) is a Moroccan author. She writes in Arabic and is the first Moroccan woman writer of literature to have her works published in English-language translation.

Works

• Year of the Elephant: A Moroccan Woman's Journey Toward Independence, Center for Middle Eastern Studies, University of Texas, 1990
• Return to Childhood, Center for Middle Eastern Studies, University of Texas, 1999, ISBN 978-0-292-70490-9
• The Last Chapter, The American University in Cairo Press, 2003
• The Director and Other Stories from Morocco, Center for Middle Eastern Studies, University of Texas, 2006, ISBN 978-0-292-71265-2

Relationship with the French

Leila's radio show was unique because it was spoken in Arabic, as opposed to French. Almost every radio broadcast was done in French because the radio was a business, and French was used in business. As part of her program, she translated movie scripts into Arabic and did dramatic readings. One of these was the famous autobiography of Malcolm X. She translated this script into Arabic and read it theatrically over the air.

Reading other people's books may have led her to make her own work instead. She still to this day refuses to use French because it is the language of their foreign invaders, and Arabic is both Morocco's true language and Islam's language. Speaking Arabic, English and French, Abouzeid still uses primarily Arabic because she does not want to conform to the foreign culture that has taken over her country. She does not want to stand for a culture that she is not a part of. To Leila, the use of the French language is being submissive to invaders that are not even present anymore. In The Last Chapter Leila explains her opinion on the use of French in her school years in her closing chapter called Afterword: by the author:

"I was in a private school in Rabat where Arabic and French were the languages of instruction. I loathed reading in French and developed an aversion to using it outside the classroom. This early position against the language of the colonialist proved fortunate, as it kept me from becoming one of the post-colonial Maghrebi [North African] writers producing a national literature in a foreign language. My intense aversion toward French may explain why I turned to English as my means of communication with the West" (Abouzeid,The Last Chapter 153).

Leila expresses her contempt for the French and their language, and even while she was young and in school she hated French. Again in the novel she mentions her hatred for French schooling, "I feel bad for ademoiselle Doze, even if she was French" (Abouzeid, 6). Leila also has reasons to hate the French that are very personal. The French had arrested and tortured her father for being, and had forced the language upon her. This made her hate the French from a very young age. She does not show any hate for other foreign languages like the English language because they have not personally caused harm to her.

• Unrelated editor to whoever posted this: please don't confuse hatred for French occupation and hatred for being forced/expected to use French, with hatred for "The French". The first is a political and nationalist stance, the second is bigotry. ...I don't know that she isn't a bigot, but best provide proof if you make such insinuations, no?

Year of the Elephant

Her first book called Year of the Elephant was published in 1980, and was published in English in 1989 by Texas University. Her book was not translated into French at any point. Year of the Elephant was named after a battle in Islamic history. The story of the battle is that during an early religious based battle, a flock of birds came and dropped stones on the enemy elephants, causing them to turn around. She compares this historic battle to the Moroccans battling for independence because they are mere birds compared to the gigantic global power of their French rulers.

Mentions of women's education

In The Last Chapter, there are only two girls in Aisha's classroom of 42 students. Out of those two, only Aisha graduated. The misogyny present in real life Morocco is mirrored through this book. In Morocco, women are not very well educated, and something like two women in a class was typical and accepted. Leila did very well in school because of the brain she was not expected to have. Men assumed women were born with no intelligence, but this is because their education was stifled by the patriarchal government. Women like Abouzeid can actually be very intelligent. In a study in 2009, literacy rates in Morocco were recorded at 39.6% for women, 65.7% for men, and only 10% for women from rural areas (DoS p. 2). This represents the sad truth of the unfair education in Morocco. Women are barely educated, and a majority of them cannot even read, while most men are literate.

Topic of identity in work

Her work touches upon the identity of people, and the nature of the possession of it or lack thereof. In the beginning of The Year of the Elephant, the main character is wandering the streets after a devastating divorce. As she barely holds onto the will to live she states, "I feel nothing. Have I lost my own identity?" (Abouzeid, Year of the Elephant, 2). Her divorce has taken away her personality and sense of self entirely. Identity is again brought up in The Last Chapter regarding the lost teacher Mademoiselle Doze. Aisha's teacher had been rejected by her fiancé, and she became a shell of her former self. Abouzeid describes her as just a body showing up for class, not Doze (Abouzeid 6). All soul that was left in her body had seemingly left, and the teacher barely existed. Aisha examines how this sudden change happened, and questions: "Can you lose your identity like you use an identification card? Does some unseen part of the machinery snap, suddenly and irreparably" (Abouzeid, pg. 6)?

External links

• Return to childhood, introduction (retrieved on March 14, 2008)
• United States. Department of State. Background Notes. Morocco. Bureau of Near Eastern Affairs,

2012 Web. < http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/5431.htm>