Leptosia nina

For the moth genus, see Psyche (moth).

Psyche
L. n. fumigata, Indonesia
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
Order:	Lepidoptera
Family:	Pieridae
Genus:	Leptosia
Species:	L. nina
Binomial name
Leptosia nina (Fabricius, 1793)
Synonyms
Papilio nina Fabricius, 1793 Leptosia chlorographa Hübner, 1818 Papilio xiphia Fabricius, 1781 (preocc.) Leptosia xiphia Pontia crokera MacLeay, [1826] Pontia niobe Wallace, 1866 Pontia dione Wallace, 1867 Nychitona xiphia var. nicobarica Doherty, 1886 Leptosia xiphia fumigata Fruhstorfer, 1903 Leptosia aurisparsa Fruhstorfer Leptosia xiphia comma Fruhstorfer, 1903

Leptosia nina, the psyche, is a small butterfly of the family Pieridae (the sulphurs, yellows and whites) and is found in Southeast Asia and the Indian subcontinent. The upper forewing has a black spot on a mainly white background. The flight is weak and erratic and the body of the butterfly bobs up and down as it beats its wings. They fly low over the grass and the butterfly rarely leaves the ground level.

Description

From Charles Thomas Bingham's The Fauna of British India, Including Ceylon and Burma. Butterflies. Vol 2. (1907)

• Unpublished manuscript of Lionel de Nicéville gives it the common name of "wandering snowflake"
• Upperside: white; base of wings very slightly powdered with minute black scales. Forewing: costa speckled obscurely with black; apex black, the inner margin of this inwardly angulate; a very large somewhat pear-shaped post-discal spot also black. Hindwing white, uniform; in most specimens an obscure, extremely slender, terminal black line.
• Underside: white; costal margin and apex of forewing broadly, and the whole surface of the hindwing irrorated (speckled) with transverse, very slender, greenish strigae and minute dots; these on the hindwing have a tendency to form sub-basal, medial and discal obliquely transverse obscure bands; forewing: the postdiscal black spot as on the upperside; terminal margins of both forewings and hindwings with minute black, short, transverse slender lines at the apices of the veins, that have a tendency to coalesce and form a terminal continuous line as on the upperside. Antennae dark brown spotted with white, head slightly brownish, thorax and abdomen white. Female: similar, the black markings on the upperside of the forewing on the whole slightly broader, but not invariably so.
• Wingspan: 25–53 mm
• Habitat: The lower ranges of the Himalayas from Mussoorie to Sikkim; Central, Western and Southern India, but not in the desert tracts; Sri Lanka; Assam; Burma and Tenasserim; extending to China and the Malayan region.
• Larva: Green with a pale glaucous tinge about the bases of the legs and slightly hairy. Feeds on capers. Capparis zeylanica has been noted as a food plant.
• Pupa: Sometimes green, but more often of a delicate pink shade. Both the larva and pupa are very like those of Terias hecabe, but more delicately formed. (Davidson, Bell and Aitken quoted in Bingham)

Subspecies

Listed alphabetically.

• L. n. aebutia Fruhstorfer, 1910 (Tanahdjampea, Kalao)
• L. n. chlorographa Hübner, [1813] (Java)
• L. n. comma Fruhstorfer, 1903 (Timor to Tanimbar)
• L. n. dione (Wallace, 1867) (southern Sulawesi)
• L. n. fumigata Fruhstorfer, 1903 (Lombok, Sumbawa, Flores, Solor)
• L. n. georgi Fruhstorfer (northern Philippines)
• L. n. malayana Fruhstorfer, 1910 (Peninsular Malaya, Singapore, Sumatra, Borneo, Bangka, Biliton)
• L. n. nicobarica (Doherty, 1886) (Nicobars)
• L. n. nina (India, Ceylon to Indo-China, Thailand, Langkawi, Andamans)
• L. n. niobe (Wallace, 1866) (Taiwan)
• L. n. terentia Fruhstorfer (southern Philippines)

Gallery

• 
  In Kerala, India
• 
  On an ash fleabane or little ironweed (Cyanthillium cinereum) in Kolkata, West Bengal, India
• 
  In Hyderabad, India
• 
  Mating
• 
  In Kolkata, West Bengal, India
• 
  L. n. malayana, Borneo, Malaysia
• 
• 
  In Areacode, Kerala, India

See also

• List of butterflies of India (Pieridae)

References

• Evans, W.H. (1932). The Identification of Indian Butterflies (2nd ed.). Mumbai, India: Bombay Natural History Society.
• Gaonkar, Harish (1996). Butterflies of the Western Ghats, India (including Sri Lanka) - A Biodiversity Assessment of a Threatened Mountain System. Bangalore, India: Centre for Ecological Sciences.
• Gay, Thomas; Kehimkar, Isaac David; Punetha, Jagdish Chandra (1992). Common Butterflies of India. Nature Guides. Bombay, India: World Wide Fund for Nature-India by Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0195631647.
• Kunte, Krushnamegh (2000). Butterflies of Peninsular India. India, A Lifescape. Hyderabad, India: Universities Press. ISBN 978-8173713545.
• Wynter-Blyth, Mark Alexander (1957). Butterflies of the Indian Region. Bombay, India: Bombay Natural History Society. ISBN 978-8170192329.