List of Indigenous peoples of Canada
Appearance
This is a list of historic Indigenous peoples of the nation of Canada. The various tribal entities are listed. The alphabetical section includes all known names of the tribes. Below that are nations that came into being between the 17th century & the 19th century. Tribes which migrated into such territories during this time are also included. Tribes that formed after 1900 are not included, nor are nations with a nexus only in the United States or Greenland.
This list does not include ancient civilizations or cultures whose true names have been lost to time, nor does it include sub-tribes or tribal districts-- with one exception being the inclusion of the St. Lawrence Iroquois.
Alphabetical Listing
A
- A'ani -- Gros Ventre, Atsina, Haaniin
- Áa Tlein Ḵwáan -- Taku River Tlingit, Atlin
- Anishinaabeg -- Chippewa, Saulteaux
- Atikamekw -- Cree
B
C
- Chehalis -- Sts'Ailes
- Chonnonton -- Neutral Nation, Niagara
- Clemclemaluts
- Comiaken
D
- Dakelh -- Carrier
- Dakota -- Lakota, Nakota, Sioux, Santee, Teton (original homeland in Minnesota may have crossed Canadian border)
- Dane-zaa -- Tsattine, Beaver
- Deisleen Ḵwáan -- Teslin Tlingit
- Dene -- Chipewyan
- Dichinanek' Hwt'ana -- Upper Kuskokwim Athabascans, Kolchan, Goltsan, Tundra Kolosh
- Ditidaht
E
- Eeyou -- East Cree, James Bay Cree
- Erie -- Riquechronon, Chat, Cat (possibly from Ontario, not Ohio)
- Esquimalt
G
H
- Haida -- X̱aadas, X̱aat
- Haisla -- Xa’islak’ala, Xai:sla
- Halkomelem
- Heiltsuk -- Bella Bella
- Holikachuk -- Innoko
- Huron
- Hwech'in -- Han, Hankutchin
- Hwlitsum -- Lamalchi, Lamalcha
I
K
- Kalispel -- Pend d'Oreilles
- Kaska
- Khenipsen
- Kichesipirini
- Kilpahlas
- Klallam
- Koksilah
- K'omoks -- Comox, Sathloot
- Kwakiutl -- Kwakwaka'wakw
L
M
- Malahat
- Maliseet -- Wolistaq
- Maskekon -- Swampy Cree, Maskiki Wi Iniwak, Lowland Cree
- Mi'kmaq -- Micmac
- Missouria
- Mohawk
- Moosonee -- Moose Cree
N
- Nacho Nyak Dun -- Tutchone
- Nanticoke (Migrated to Canada, 18th century)
- Naskapi
- Nicola -- Stuwix (extinct)
- Nipissing -- Nipisirini
- Nisga'a -- Nishga
- Nlaka'pamux -- Nlakapamuk, Thompson, Klackarpun, Haukamaugh, Knife, Couteau
- Nutka -- Nuu-chah-nulth, Aht, Tahkaht
- Nuxalk -- Bellacoola, Bilchula
P
- Passamaquoddy -- Pestomuhkati
- Pauquachin
- Pentlatch -- Puntledge
- Petun -- Wenro, Tiontesta (Migrated to Canada, 17th century.)
- Plains Cree -- Nēhiyawēwin
Q
S
- Sahtu -- Northern Slavey, Hareskin
- Secwepemc -- Shuswap
- Sekani
- Semiahmoo
- Sechelt -- Shishalh
- Sinixt -- Sin Aikst, Senjextee, Lakes
- Skokomish -- Squamish
- Slavey
- Snuneymuxw
- Somena -- S’amuna’
- Songhees -- Songish, Lekwungen, Lekungen
- St. Lawrence Iroquoians
- St'at'imc -- Lillooet
- Sto:lo -- Stahlo
- Syilx -- Okanagan
T
- Tagish -- Tagish Khwáan, Tā̀gish kotʼīnèʼ
- Tahltan -- Nahanni
- Tanan Gwich'in
- Tla'amin -- Sliammon
- Tlicho -- Tłı̨chǫ, Dogrib
- Tsartlip
- Tsawout
- Tsetsaut
- Tsilhqot'in -- Chilcotin
- Tsimshian
- T'Sou-ke -- Sooke
W
- Weskarini
- Woods Cree -- Rock Cree, Asini•Ska•Wiðiniwak
- Wuikinuxv -- Oowekeeno, Wikeno, Awikenox
- Wyandot -- Wendat (Migrated to Canada, 19th century.)
Y
- Yellowknives -- Copper, Redknives, T'atsaot'ine
Peoples which came into existence between 1600-1900
- Abenaki (16th century.)
- Assiniboine -- Hohe, Yankton, Nagoda (18th century.)
- Cowichan (19th century.)
- Homalco (18th century.)
- Klahoose (18th century.)
- Métis (18th/ 19th century.)
- Mississaugas (18th century.)
- Stoney -- Îyârhe Nakoda (19th century.)
- Oji-Cree
- Tsuu T'ina -- Sarcee (17th century.)
See also
- List of Native American peoples in the United States
- List of Alaska Native tribal entities
- List of Indigenous Peoples of Mexico & Central America
- Native Americans in the United States
- Indigenous peoples of the Caribbean
- Indigenous peoples of the Pacific Northwest Coast
- Coast Salish
- Greenlandic Inuit