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List of earthquakes in New Zealand

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Major active fault zones of New Zealand showing variation in displacement vector of Pacific Plate relative to Australian Plate along the boundary (left) and the distribution of earthquakes (magnitude 5 or greater)

This is a list of large earthquakes that have occurred in New Zealand. Only earthquakes with a magnitude of 6.0 or greater are listed, except for a few that had a moderate impact. Aftershocks are not included, unless they were of great significance or contributed to a death toll, such as the M 6.3 2011 Christchurch earthquake and the M 7.3 aftershock to the 1931 Hawke's Bay earthquake.

Earthquakes occur frequently in New Zealand as the country is situated in the collision zone between the Indo-Australian and Pacific tectonic plates, part of the Pacific Basin Ring of Fire, where many earthquakes and volcanoes occur. Most events occur along the main ranges running from Fiordland in the southwest to East Cape in the northeast. This axis follows the boundary between the Indo-Australian and Pacific plates. Large earthquakes are less common along the central Alpine Fault, where the plates are not subducting and the forces are accommodated in different ways.

The largest city within the highest-risk zone is the nation's capital, Wellington, followed by Hastings then Napier. All these cities have experienced severe earthquakes since European settlement. About 14,000 earthquakes occur in and around the country each year, of which between 150 and 200 are big enough to be felt.[1] As a result, New Zealand has very stringent building regulations.

Quite early on, European settlers were faced with the reality of earthquakes in their new home. On 26 May 1840, the new settlement at Port Nicholson was struck by the first of a number of earthquakes and tremors.[2] Early settlers learned fairly quickly the importance of using appropriate building methods in an earthquake-prone country. The 1848 earthquake, centred in Marlborough, caused great damage to the brick and masonry buildings in Wellington, and the city was rebuilt mainly in wood; consequently it suffered comparatively little damage in the 8.2 magnitude earthquake of 1855, which lifted the land 2–3m.[3] Many buildings in Hastings and Napier were damaged in the 1931 Hawke's Bay earthquake. New building regulations meant that any new buildings constructed afterwards attempted to take earthquake shaking into account in building design.[3]

Pre-19th century

Date Location Region Magnitude (ML) Magnitude (MW) Depth Latitude Longitude Fatalities Further information
1100 Alpine Fault South Island 7.6–8.3 [4]
1460 Wellington Region Wellington 8.0 8.0 25 km 41.39°S 174.80°E [5]
1610-20 Alpine Fault South Island 7.6–8.3 [4][6]
1717 Alpine Fault South Island 8.1 [4][6]

19th century

Information for earthquakes before 1840 are later estimates.

Date Location Region Magnitude (ML) Magnitude (MW) Depth Latitude Longitude Fatalities Further information
1815 New Plymouth Taranaki 7.0 [7] 25 km 38.99°S 174.00°E
1817 Fiordland South Island 7.0 [8] 25 km 45.99°S 167.00°E
1826 Fiordland South Island 8.0 [9] 8.0 25 km 44.99°S 167.00°E
1835 South Auckland Auckland 7.0 [10] 25 km 36.99°S 175.00°E
1838 Waitotara Forest Manawatu 7.0 [11] 25 km 39.39°S 176.10°E
26 May 1840 Paraparaumu Wellington 6.0 [12] 25 km 41.00°S 175.00°E
8 Jul 1843 Near Taihape Manawatu 7.6 [13] 7.6 12 km 39.59°S 176.20°E 2 1843 Wanganui earthquake
13 Jul 1846 Snares Islands Southland 6.3 [14] 25 km 47.00°S 166.00°E
19 Nov 1846 Karamea West Coast 6.5 [15] 25 km 41.00°S 172.00°E
4 Dec 1846 Wellington Wellington 6.0 [16] 25 km 41.00°S 174.50°E
16 Oct 1848 Blenheim Marlborough 7.4 [17] 7.8 12 km 41.89°S 173.60°E 3 1848 Marlborough earthquake
27 Jul 1851 Motueka Tasman 6.0 [18] 25 km 41.00°S 173.00°E
23 Jan 1855 Lake Wairarapa Wairarapa 8.2[19] 8.2 33 km 41.198°S 175.20°E 9 1855 Wairarapa earthquake[20][21][22][23]
23 Feb 1863 Waipukurau Hawke's Bay 7.5[24] 25 km 40.00°S 176.50°E 1863 Hawke's Bay earthquake[25][26]
19 Oct 1868 Cape Farewell Tasman 7.2 [27] 12 km[28] 40.20°S 173.00°E Felt throughout Central New Zealand
5 Jun 1869 Christchurch Canterbury 4.7[29]–5.7[30] 5 km 43.55°S 172.60°E 1869 Christchurch earthquake
18 Jul 1876 Palmerston North Manawatu 6.8 [31] 50 km 40.19°S 175.80°E Felt strongly in Palmerston North
25 Jun 1881 Palmerston North Manawatu 6.7 [32] 33 km 40.39°S 175.60°E Felt strongly in Palmerston North
5 Dec 1881 Castle Hill[33] Canterbury 6.0 [34] 12 km 43.13°S 171.77°E Damaged stone buildings in Christchurch, including ChristChurch Cathedral[35]
1 Sep 1888 Lewis Pass Canterbury 7.0 [36] 7.1 12 km 42.59°S 172.55°E 1888 North Canterbury earthquake
23 Jun 1891 Port Waikato Auckland 6.2 [37] 12 km 37.43°S 174.43°E Felt in Auckland/Waikato
12 Feb 1893 Nelson Tasman Bay 6.7 [38] 70 km 40.99°S 173.80°E Felt throughout Central New Zealand
18 Aug 1895 Taupo Bay of Plenty 6.0 [39] 12 km 38.80°S 176.80°E Felt throughout Central New Zealand
8 Dec 1897 Wanganui Manawatu 6.5 [40] 40 km 39.99°S, 175.00°E Felt throughout North Island, Strong in Wanganui

1900–1949

Date Location Region Magnitude (ML) Magnitude (MW) Depth Latitude Longitude Fatalities Further information
16 Nov 1901 Cheviot North Canterbury 6.8 [41] 12 km 42.74°S 173.35°E 1 1901 Cheviot earthquake
9 Aug 1904 Cape Turnagain Hawke's Bay 7.0 [42] 7.2 16 km 40.40°S 176.40°E 1904 Cape Turnagain earthquake
7 Oct 1914 East Cape Gisborne 6.6 [43] 12 km 37.80°S 178.20°E Felt throughout eastern North Island
22 Nov 1914 Tauranga Bay of Plenty 7.3 [44] 300 km 37.49°S 176.50°E Felt throughout North Island
1 May 1917 Raoul Island Kermadec Islands 8.0 50 km 29.00°S 177.00°W Felt throughout New Zealand[45]
6 Aug 1917 Castlepoint Manawatu 6.8 [46] 12 km 40.80°S 176.00°E Felt throughout North Island
3 Nov 1918 Puysegur Trench South of New Zealand 6.8 [47] 50 km 47.00°S 165.40°E Felt throughout Southland
29 Jun 1921 Kaweka Forest Hawke's Bay 7.0 [48] 80 km 39.29°S 176.40°E Felt throughout North Island
25 Dec 1922 Motunau North Canterbury 6.4 20 km 42.99°S 173.00°E Felt throughout Upper half of South Island
9 Mar 1929 Arthur's Pass Canterbury 7.0 [49] 12 km 42.83°S 171.83°E 1929 Arthur's Pass earthquake
17 Jun 1929 Murchison West Coast 7.3 [50] 7.8 20 km 41.69°S 172.20°E 17 1929 Murchison earthquake
23 Jun 1929 Murchison West Coast 6.5 [51] 12 km 41.78°S 172.32°E
12 Feb 1930 Porangahau Hawke's Bay 6.2 33 km 40.39°S 176.55°E Felt throughout lower half of North Island
3 Feb 1931 North of Napier Hawke's Bay 7.4 [52] 7.8 20 km 39.29°S 177.00°E 256 1931 Hawke's Bay earthquake
13 Feb 1931 East of Napier Hawke's Bay 7.3 [53] 30 km 39.55°S 177.31°E Aftershock to M 7.4 event
16 Sep 1932 Wairoa Hawke's Bay 6.9 [54] 12 km 38.95°S 177.59°E Caused further damage to the already devastated Hawke's Bay.
5 Mar 1934 Pahiatua Manawatu 7.2 [55] 12 km 40.54°S 176.29°E 2 1934 Pahiatua earthquake
15 Mar 1934 Wairoa Hawke's Bay 6.3 25 km 39.31°S 177.23°E Felt strongly in Hawke's Bay and Gisborne
24 May 1936 Whakatane Bay of Plenty 6.5 [56] 150 km 37.99°S 177.00°E Felt in North Island
16 Dec 1938 Fiordland Southland 7.0 60 km 44.99°S 167.00°E Felt throughout South Island
11 Feb 1939 Fiordland Southland 7.0 [57] 25 km 45.00°S 167.50°E Felt throughout South Island
26 Feb 1940 Hastings Hawke's Bay 6.0 25 km 39.50°S 176.50°E Felt throughout North Island
24 Jun 1942 Masterton Wairarapa 6.9 [58] 12 km 40.96°S 175.69°E 1[59] June 1942 Wairarapa earthquake
1 Aug 1942 Masterton Wairarapa 6.8 [60] 40 km 41.01°S 175.52°E 1 August 1942 Wairarapa earthquake
17 Feb 1943 Te Anau Southland 6.5 123 km 45.29°S 168.00°E Felt throughout South Island
2 Aug 1943 Te Anau Southland 6.1 [61] 33 km 45.64°S 166.67°E Felt throughout South Island
2 Sep 1945 Stewart Island Southland 6.5 [62] 12 km 47.47°S, 166.12°E Felt throughout Southland and Otago
26 Jun 1946 Lake Coleridge Canterbury 6.2 [63] 12 km 43.30°S 171.47°E Mainshock
26 Mar 1947 Offshore Poverty Bay Gisborne 7.1 38.55°S 178.42°E 1947 Gisborne earthquakes and tsunami
17 May 1947 Offshore Tolaga Bay Gisborne 7.1 38.21°S 178.60°E 1947 Gisborne earthquakes and tsunami
22 May 1948 Hanmer Springs North Canterbury 6.4 12 km 42.49°S 173.00°E Mainshock
22 May 1948 Cheviot North Canterbury 6.2 12 km 42.83°S 173.05°E Separate event triggered by the M 6.4 earthquake 5 minutes prior
9 Feb 1949 Hawera Taranaki 6.4 199 km 39.67°S 174.35°E Felt throughout North Island

1950–1999

Date Location Region Magnitude (ML) Magnitude (MW) Depth Latitude Longitude Fatalities Further information
10 Feb 1951 Porangahau Hawke's Bay 6.1 33 km 40.21°S 177.04°E Felt throughout North Island [64]
24 Jun 1951 Toaroa Junction Manawatu 6.3 33 km 39.45°S 176.20°E Felt throughout North Island
29 Sep 1953 Tauranga Bay of Plenty 7.2 [65] 273 km 37.59°S 176.48°E Felt throughout North Island
27 Feb 1955 Raoul Island Kermadec Islands 7.8 18 km 28.40°S 175.37°W Felt in the East half of North Island
29 Dec 1956 Matawai Gisborne 6.1 6.1 33 km 39.72°S 176.87°E Felt strongly along the East Coast of the North Island
31 Jan 1958 Waipawa Hawke's Bay 6.1 12 km 30.30°S 177.50°E
14 Sep 1959 Raoul Island Kermadec Islands 7.8 35 km 28.82°S 177.07°W Felt in the East half of North Island
28 Mar 1960 Mokau Taranaki 6.6 [66] 237 km 39.04°S 174.81°E Doublet earthquake to 6.5 event
28 Mar 1960 Mokau Taranaki 6.5 [67] 209 km 39.04°S 174.77°E Doublet earthquake to 6.6 event
25 May 1960 Milford Sound Southland 6.3 12 km 44.17°S 167.72°E
27 Dec 1961 Martinborough Wellington 6.2 12 km 41.51°S 176.11°E Struck offshore, 65 km east of Martinborough
18 Dec 1963 Raoul Islands Kermadec Islands 7.7 35 km 24.77°S 176.52°W Felt in the East half of North Island
11 April 1965 Kaikoura North Canterbury 6.1 12 km 42.76°S 173.87°E Felt in Kaikoura/North Canterbury
21 May 1965 George Sound Southland 6.4 101 km 44.94°S 167.36°E
4 Mar 1966 Gisborne East Cape 6.0 33 km 38.73°S 178.11°E Felt in Gisborne
23 April 1966 Cook Strait Marlborough 5.8 5.8 12 km 41.64°S 174.54°E Caused damage in Wellington
24 May 1968 Inangahua Junction West Coast 6.7[68] 7.1[68] 12 km 41.75°S 172.04°E 2 1968 Inangahua earthquake
6 Jan 1973 Taupo Waikato 7.0 163 km 39.03°S 175.26°E Felt throughout New Zealand
5 May 1976 Milford Sound Southland 6.6 12 km 44.67°S 167.38°E
15 Jan 1976 Raoul Island Kermadec Islands 7.8 43 km 29.21°S 177.63°W Foreshock to M 8.2 event
15 Jan 1976 Raoul Island Kermadec Islands 8.2 31 km 29.17°S 177.31°W Main shock
18 Jan 1977 Cook Strait Marlborough 6.0 33 km 41.84°S 174.58°E
12 Oct 1979 Puysegur Trench South of New Zealand 6.5 12 km 46.70°S 166.03°E
31 Dec 1984 White Island Bay of Plenty 6.3 12 km 36.59°S 177.55°E Felt around the Bay of Plenty
21 Oct 1986 Raoul Island Kermadec Islands 8.3 33 km 28.15°S 176.29°W Felt throughout New Zealand[69]
2 Mar 1987 Edgecumbe Bay of Plenty 6.1 6.5 10 km 37.88°S 176.80°E 1987 Edgecumbe earthquake
4 Jun 1988 Te Anau Southland 6.1 73 km 45.12°S 167.29°E
24 May 1989 Puysegur Trench South of New Zealand 8.2 Felt in the South Island
31 May 1989 Doubtful Sound Southland 6.1 23 km 45.33°S 166.87°E
13 May 1990 Weber Manawatu 6.2[70] 6.4[70] 29 km 40.42S 176.47°E Mainshock
28 Jan 1991 Buller Ranges West Coast 6.1 9.9 km 41.90°S 171.65°E Foreshock to M 6.3 event
29 Jan 1991 Buller Ranges West Coast 6.3 17.3 km 41.90°S 171.72°E Mainshock
8 Sep 1991 South Taranaki Bight Manawatu 6.3 86 km 40.24°S 175.16°E Felt throughout North Island
27 May 1992 Wairau Valley Marlborough 6.8 79 km 41.60°S 173.66°E Felt in Central New Zealand
21 June 1992 White Island Bay of Plenty 6.1 5 km 37.57°S 176.82°E Felt in Bay of Plenty
10 Aug 1993 Secretary Island Southland 6.7 7.0 5 km 45.21°S 166.70°E Felt as far away as Australia
10 Aug 1993 Gisborne East Cape 6.3 45 km 38.52°S 177.90°E Felt strongly in Gisborne.
11 Apr 1993 Hastings Hawke's Bay 6.1 37 km 39.72°S 176.71°E Felt strongly throughout Hawke's Bay
18 Jun 1994 Arthur's Pass Canterbury 6.7 [71] 6.7 4 km 43.00°S 171.47°E Mainshock
19 Jun 1994 Lake Coleridge Canterbury 6.1 5 km 43.16°S, 171.47°E Triggered from the M 6.7 Arthur's Pass event
24 Nov 1995 Arthur's Pass Canterbury 6.3 7 km 42.95°S, 171.81°E Felt strongly in the South Island
6 Feb 1995 NE of New Zealand East Cape 7.0 12 km 37.7°7S 179.68°E Mainshock
10 Feb 1995 NE of New Zealand East Cape 6.6 12 km 37.92°7S 179.51°E
25 May 1997 Raoul Island Kermadec Islands 7.9 339 km 33.61°S 177.80°E Felt throughout North Island and upper half of South Island
20 Apr 1998 Taumaranui Manawatu 6.7 [72] 232 km 39,02S 174.92°E Felt throughout the North Island
25 Oct 1999 Taupo Waikato 7.0 160 km 38.56S 175.91°E Felt throughout New Zealand

2000–2009

Date Location Region Magnitude (ML) Magnitude (MW) Depth Latitude Longitude Fatalities Further information
15 Aug 2000 L'Esperance Rock Kermadec Islands 7.6 [73] 436 km 31.94°S 178.55°E Felt in Christchurch
1 Nov 2000 Fiordland Southland 6.2 [74] 9 km 45.12°S 166.95°E
21 Aug 2001 NE of New Zealand East Cape 7.1 [75] 7.1 33 km 36.98°S 179.16°E Felt in the Gisborne area
21 Oct 2001 NE of New Zealand East Cape 6.3 12 km 36.89°S 179.86°E Felt in the Gisborne area
8 Dec 2001 Haast West Coast 6.2 5 km 44.11°S 168.60°E Mainshock
22 Aug 2003 Fiordland Southland 7.0 [76] 7.2 24 km 45.19°S, 166.83°E Felt throughout South Island
22 Nov 2004 Puysegur Trench South of New Zealand 7.1 [77] 7.0 12 km 46.57°S 165.08°E Reportedly felt as far north as Hamilton.
14 Mar 2005 Opunake Manawatu-Wanganui 6.4 154 km 40.17°S 173.63°E Felt strongly throughout central New Zealand
16 May 2006 L'Esperance Rock Kermadec Islands 7.5 [78] 7.4 150 km 31.56°S, 179.30°W Felt in East half of New Zealand
16 May 2006 Raoul Island Kermadec Islands 7.1 33 km 31.98°S, 177.21°W Felt in East half on North Island
16 Oct 2007 Fiordland Southland 6.7 [79] 6.7 5 km 44.72°S 167.39°E Felt lower half of South Island
9 Dec 2007 Raoul Island Kermadec Islands 7.8 152 km 25.99°S 177.51°W Felt in East half of New Zealand
20 Dec 2007 Gisborne East Cape 6.7 [80] 6.6 44 km 38.89°S 178.44°E 2007 Gisborne earthquake
25 Aug 2008 Hastings Hawke's Bay 5.9 31 km 39.71°S 176.85°E 2008 Hastings earthquake
15 Jul 2009 Puysegur Trench South of New Zealand 6.1 [81] 33 km 46.07°S 165.75°E Felt throughout Southland and Otago
15 Jul 2009 Dusky Sound Southland 7.8 [82] 12 km 45.76°S 166.58°E 2009 Fiordland earthquake

2010–present

Date Location Region Magnitude (ML) Magnitude (MW) Magnitude (Mb) Depth Latitude Longitude Fatalities Further information
4 Sep 2010 Darfield Canterbury 7.1 7.0 6.4 11 km 43.52°S 172.16°E 2010 Canterbury earthquake[83][84]
22 Feb 2011 Christchurch Canterbury 6.3 6.1 6.1 6 km 43.58S 172.67E 185 [85] 2011 Christchurch earthquake[86][87]
13 Jun 2011 Christchurch Canterbury 6.4 5.9 6.0 7 km 43.56°S 172.73°E 1 June 2011 Christchurch earthquake[88][89]
5 Jul 2011 Taupo Waikato 6.5 5.5 5.4 153 km 38.65°S 175.70°E Felt throughout New Zealand.[90][91]
7 Jul 2011 Raoul Island Kermadec Islands 7.6 7.6 7.0 20 km 29.31°S 176.20°W Felt as far away as Christchurch.[92][93]
22 Oct 2011 Raoul Island Kermadec Islands 7.3 7.4 6.5 33 km 28.99°S 176.18°W Felt in eastern half of the North Island.[94][95]
23 Dec 2011 Christchurch Canterbury 6.0 5.9 5.7 7 km 43.52°S 172.74°E Caused damage in the Christchurch region.[96][97]
3 Jul 2012 South Taranaki Bight Taranaki 6.5 6.3 5.9 254 km 40.00°S 173.75°E 2012 Opunake earthquake[98][99]
21 Jul 2013 Cook Strait Marlborough 6.5 6.5 6.1 17 km 41.61°S 174.33°E 2013 Seddon earthquake[100][101]
16 Aug 2013 Lake Grassmere Marlborough 6.6 6.5 6.0 8 km 41.73°S 174.15°E 2013 Lake Grassmere earthquake[102][103]
16 Aug 2013 Lake Grassmere Marlborough 6.0 5.9 5.8 8 km 41.67°S 174.26°E Largest aftershock to 2013 Lake Grassmere earthquake[104][105]
20 Jan 2014 Eketahuna Wairarapa 6.2 6.1 5.8 34 km 40.62°S 175.85°E 2014 Eketahuna earthquake[106][107]
13 Oct 2014 Fiordland Southland 6.2 5.8 5.4 9 km 46.29°S 165.87°E [108][109]
14 Oct 2014 NE of Whakatane Bay of Plenty 6.5 5.7 82 km 34.90°S 179.65°E [110][111]
17 Nov 2014 NE of Gisborne Gisborne 6.5 6.7 6.2 22 km 37.68°S 179.68°E Felt strongly across the North Island[112][113]
6 Jan 2015 W of Arthur's Pass Canterbury 6.0 5.6 5.5 5 km 43.06°S 171.25°E Felt throughout the South Island[114][115]
24 Apr 2015 SE of St Arnaud Marlborough 6.2 6.1 6.0 52 km 42.09°S 173.07°E Felt throughout New Zealand[116][117]
2 Feb 2016 E of Macauley Island Kermadec Islands 6.6 6.2 6.3 366 km 31.65°S 177.74°E Felt widely in the North Island.[118]
14 Feb 2016 Christchurch Canterbury 5.7 5.8 15 km 43.5°S 172.83°E 2016 Christchurch earthquake[119][120]
2 Sep 2016 NE of East Cape East Cape 7.1 7.1 55 km 37.01°S 179.63°E 2016 Te Araroa earthquake[121][122]
14 Nov 2016 Culverden North Canterbury 7.8 7.8[123][124] 15 km 42.757°S 173.077°E 2[125] 2016 Kaikoura earthquake[126]

See also

References

Specific
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  82. ^ "GeoNet - Quakes". Retrieved 15 September 2016.
  83. ^ "GeoNet - Quakes". www.geonet.org.nz. Retrieved 12 December 2015.
  84. ^ "M7.0 - South Island of New Zealand". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved 12 December 2015.
  85. ^ "List of deceased - Christchurch earthquake". New Zealand Police. 3 May 2011. Retrieved 31 May 2011.
  86. ^ "GeoNet - Quakes". www.geonet.org.nz. Retrieved 12 December 2015.
  87. ^ "M6.1 - South Island of New Zealand". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved 12 December 2015.
  88. ^ "GeoNet - Quakes". www.geonet.org.nz. Retrieved 12 December 2015.
  89. ^ "M5.9 - South Island of New Zealand". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved 12 December 2015.
  90. ^ "GeoNet - Quakes". www.geonet.org.nz. Retrieved 12 December 2015.
  91. ^ "M5.5 - North Island of New Zealand". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved 12 December 2015.
  92. ^ "GeoNet - Quakes". www.geonet.org.nz. Retrieved 12 December 2015.
  93. ^ "M7.6 - Kermadec Islands region". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved 12 December 2015.
  94. ^ "GeoNet - Quakes". www.geonet.org.nz. Retrieved 12 December 2015.
  95. ^ "M7.4 - Kermadec Islands region". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved 12 December 2015.
  96. ^ "GeoNet - Quakes". www.geonet.org.nz. Retrieved 12 December 2015.
  97. ^ "M5.9 - South Island of New Zealand". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved 12 December 2015.
  98. ^ "GeoNet - Quakes". www.geonet.org.nz. Retrieved 12 December 2015.
  99. ^ "M6.3 - Cook Strait, New Zealand". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved 12 December 2015.
  100. ^ "New Zealand Earthquake Report -- Magnitude 6.5, Sunday, July 21, 2013 at 5:09:30 pm (NZST)". GNS Science. Retrieved 21 July 2013.
  101. ^ "M6.5 - 46km ESE of Blenheim, New Zealand". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved 12 December 2015.
  102. ^ "New Zealand Earthquake Report -- Magnitude 6.6, Friday, August 16, 2013 at 2:31:05 pm (NZST)". GNS Science. Retrieved 17 August 2013.
  103. ^ "M6.5 - 29km SE of Blenheim, New Zealand". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved 12 December 2015.
  104. ^ "New Zealand Earthquake Report -- Magnitude 6.0, Friday, 16 August 2013 at 5:31:16 pm (NZST)". GNS Science. Retrieved 6 September 2013.
  105. ^ "M5.9 - 30km ESE of Blenheim, New Zealand". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved 12 December 2015.
  106. ^ "New Zealand Earthquake Report Magnitude 6.2, Monday, January 20, 2014 at 3:52:45 pm (NZDT)". GeoNet. 21 January 2014. Retrieved 21 January 2014.
  107. ^ "M6.1 - 35km NNE of Masterton, New Zealand". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved 12 December 2015.
  108. ^ "New Zealand Earthquake Report Magnitude 6.2, Mon, Oct 13 2014, 6:13:41 pm (NZDT)". GNS Science. Retrieved 13 October 2014.
  109. ^ "M5.8 - 159km W of Riverton, New Zealand". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved 12 December 2015.
  110. ^ "New Zealand Earthquake Report Magnitude 6.5, Tue, Oct 14 2014, 5:12:30 pm (NZDT)". GNS Science. Retrieved 14 October 2014.
  111. ^ "M5.7 - South of the Kermadec Islands". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved 12 December 2015.
  112. ^ "GeoNet - Quakes". www.geonet.org.nz. Retrieved 12 December 2015.
  113. ^ "M6.7 - 183km NE of Gisborne, New Zealand". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved 12 December 2015.
  114. ^ "GeoNet - Quakes". geonet.org.nz. Retrieved 12 December 2015.
  115. ^ "M5.6 - 43km SSE of Hokitika, New Zealand". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved 12 December 2015.
  116. ^ "GeoNet - Quakes". geonet.org.nz. Retrieved 12 December 2015.
  117. ^ "M6.1 - 67km NW of Kaikoura, New Zealand". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved 12 December 2015.
  118. ^ "GeoNet - Quakes". geonet.org.nz. Retrieved 3 February 2016.
  119. ^ "5.9 magnitude earthquake hits near Christchurch, New Zealand". smh.com.au. Retrieved 14 February 2016.
  120. ^ "GeoNet - Quakes - Magnitude 5.7, Sun, Feb 14 2016, 1:13:43 pm (NZDT)". geonet.org.nz. Retrieved 14 February 2016.
  121. ^ "Magnitude 7.1, Fri, Sep 2 2016, 4:37:55 am (NZST)". geonet.org.nz. Retrieved 4 September 2016.
  122. ^ "M7.1 - 166km NE of Gisborne, New Zealand". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved 4 September 2016.
  123. ^ "Magnitude 7.8, Mon, Nov 14 2016, 12:02:56 am (NZDT)". GeoNet. Retrieved 16 November 2016.
  124. ^ "M7.8 – 53km NNE of Amberley, New Zealand". United States Geological Survey. 13 November 2016. Retrieved 19 November 2016.
  125. ^ Elvey, Suz; Walker, Marc; Kitching, Chris. "Two deaths reported as quake recovery continues". Mirror.co.uk. Retrieved 13 November 2016.
  126. ^ "M7.8 – 53km NNE of Amberley, New Zealand: Origin". earthquake.usgs.gov. United States Geological Survey. Retrieved 13 November 2016.
General
  • Dench, Alison (2005). Essential Dates: A Timeline of New Zealand History. Auckland: Random House. ISBN 1-86941-689-9. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
  • Eiby, G. A. (1957); Earthquakes (London, Frederick Muller) Page 159 has Table of (16) Major Earthquakes in New Zealand 1848–1942, from R. C. Hayes.
  • Henderson, J (1937); The West Nelson Earthquakes of 1929, Bulletin No. 55 of Department of Scientific and Industrial Research (Wellington, Government Printer)
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