List of earthquakes in Romania

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Seismic hazard for Romania from the Global Seismic Hazard Assessment Program (GSHAP) in terms of peak ground acceleration with a 10% chance of being exceeded (or a 90% chance of not being exceeded) within the next 50 years

This is a list of earthquakes in Romania, including any notable historical earthquakes that have epicenters within the current boundaries of Romania, or which caused significant effects in this area.

Seismic hazard

The seismicity of Romania is clustered in several epicentral zones: Vrancea, Făgăraș-Câmpulung, Banat, Crișana, Maramureș and Southern Dobruja.[1][2] Other epicentral zones of local importance can be found in Transylvania, in the area of Jibou and Târnava River, in northern and western part of Oltenia, in northern Moldavia and in the Wallachian Plain.[3] The Vrancea seismogenic zone is the most important among these seismic zones, having in mind the energy, the extent of the macroseismic effects and the persistent and confined character of the earthquakes that occur in this area. Two belts of moderate and shallower seismicity are emphasized in the other regions of the country: one along the Southern Carpathians and the eastern edge of the Pannonian Basin, the other along the Eastern Carpathians that extends towards SE on the Peceneaga–Camena line.[4][5][6]

Frequency of earthquakes

During the last 1,000 years, according to historical data, it is thought that 17 earthquakes with 7 and over magnitude have occurred, which suggests a mean for unleashing the energy of every 58 years. Statistically, the magnitude 6 and over earthquakes in the Vrancea area occur approximately every 10 years, magnitude 7 every 33 years, while those with 7.5 magnitude every 80 years.[7]

List of notable earthquakes

Earthquakes listed in the following tables include only M6.0+ events. All seismic events are shown in detail in the ROMPLUS catalog of the National Institute for Earth Physics. It collected information from the catalog of Constantinescu and Mîrza (1980) for the period 984–1997. After 1997, the catalog was permanently filled and updated with data on seismic events produced in Romania and around national borders.

455–1600

Date Magnitude Intensity Depth Epicenter Casualties and damage
10 July 455 It destroyed several cities and villages in Transylvania.[8]
August 815 Strong earthquakes, for five days, from Balkans to the Carpathians, accompanied by severe damage.[8]
1 January 984 7.1 VIII 150 km 45°42′N 26°36′E / 45.7°N 26.6°E / 45.7; 26.6
12 May 1022 6.5 VII-X 150 km 45°42′N 26°36′E / 45.7°N 26.6°E / 45.7; 26.6
6 July 1092 Catastrophic earthquakes which lasted eight days. It caused huge losses in the Tisza area, also affecting the Sătmar.[9]
15 August 1038 7.3 VIII 150 km 45°42′N 26°36′E / 45.7°N 26.6°E / 45.7; 26.6
1 January 1091 7.1 VIII 150 km 45°42′N 26°36′E / 45.7°N 26.6°E / 45.7; 26.6
12 February 1107 7.1 VIII 150 km 45°42′N 26°36′E / 45.7°N 26.6°E / 45.7; 26.6
1 October 1122 6.2 VII-X 150 km 45°42′N 26°36′E / 45.7°N 26.6°E / 45.7; 26.6
8 August 1126 7.1 VIII 150 km 45°42′N 26°36′E / 45.7°N 26.6°E / 45.7; 26.6
1 April 1170 7.3 VIII 150 km 45°42′N 26°36′E / 45.7°N 26.6°E / 45.7; 26.6
13 February 1196 7.5 VIII 150 km 45°42′N 26°36′E / 45.7°N 26.6°E / 45.7; 26.6
10 May 1230 7.3 VIII 150 km 45°42′N 26°36′E / 45.7°N 26.6°E / 45.7; 26.6
7 February 1258 7.1 VIII 150 km 45°42′N 26°36′E / 45.7°N 26.6°E / 45.7; 26.6
1 January 1276 6.0 VII-X 9.9 km 44°36′N 24°12′E / 44.6°N 24.2°E / 44.6; 24.2
1 January 1327 7.3 VIII 150 km 45°42′N 26°36′E / 45.7°N 26.6°E / 45.7; 26.6
25 January 1348 Large earthquake in the Danube basin. 40 shocks in one day, strongly felt in Hungary, Italy, southern Germany, etc.[8]
10 October 1446 7.5 VIII 150 km 45°42′N 26°36′E / 45.7°N 26.6°E / 45.7; 26.6
29 August 1471 7.5 VIII 110 km 45°42′N 26°36′E / 45.7°N 26.6°E / 45.7; 26.6 Oldest of earthquakes with certain date, mentioned in the Moldavian chronicles. The earthquake was also felt in Ukraine. In Brașov, a part of Mount Tâmpa slipped over the city, and the citadel of Radu cel Frumos in Bucharest was reported in ruins.
29 August 1473 7.3 VIII 150 km 45°42′N 26°36′E / 45.7°N 26.6°E / 45.7; 26.6
24 November 1516 7.5 VIII 150 km 45°42′N 26°36′E / 45.7°N 26.6°E / 45.7; 26.6 In Brașov, several houses and a part of citadel's wall collapsed. Also felt in Moldavia and Suceava.
9 June 1523 6.5 VII-X 130 km 45°42′N 26°36′E / 45.7°N 26.6°E / 45.7; 26.6
1 January 1543 7.1 VIII 150 km 45°42′N 26°36′E / 45.7°N 26.6°E / 45.7; 26.6
19 July 1545 7.1 VIII 110 km 45°42′N 26°36′E / 45.7°N 26.6°E / 45.7; 26.6
26 October 1550 6.5 VII-X 9.9 km 45°48′N 24°12′E / 45.8°N 24.2°E / 45.8; 24.2 Large earthquake in southern Transylvania. Duration: one quarter hour.
21 August 1552 6.5 VII-X 130 km 45°42′N 26°36′E / 45.7°N 26.6°E / 45.7; 26.6
17 August 1569 6.4 VII-X 9.9 km 45°24′N 24°30′E / 45.4°N 24.5°E / 45.4; 24.5
10 April 1571 6.5 VII-X 9.9 km 45°30′N 24°36′E / 45.5°N 24.6°E / 45.5; 24.6
10 May 1571 7.1 VIII 150 km 45°42′N 26°36′E / 45.7°N 26.6°E / 45.7; 26.6
1 April 1578 6.5 VII-X 130 km 45°42′N 26°36′E / 45.7°N 26.6°E / 45.7; 26.6
30 April 1590 7.3 VIII 100 km 45°42′N 26°36′E / 45.7°N 26.6°E / 45.7; 26.6
10 August 1590 6.5 VII-X 9.9 km 45°24′N 24°24′E / 45.4°N 24.4°E / 45.4; 24.4 Large earthquake in southeastern Transylvania, with disastrous effects in Brașov, Râșnov, Sibiu and Mediaș.
21 April 1595 7.1 VIII 150 km 45°42′N 26°36′E / 45.7°N 26.6°E / 45.7; 26.6
22 November 1598 6.5 VII-X 120 km 45°42′N 26°36′E / 45.7°N 26.6°E / 45.7; 26.6
4 March 1599 6.1 VII-X 100 km 45°42′N 26°36′E / 45.7°N 26.6°E / 45.7; 26.6

1601–1900

Date Magnitude Intensity Depth Epicenter Casualties and damages
3 May 1604 6.8 VII-X 130 km 45°42′N 26°36′E / 45.7°N 26.6°E / 45.7; 26.6
24 December 1605 7.1 VIII 150 km 45°42′N 26°36′E / 45.7°N 26.6°E / 45.7; 26.6
13 January 1606 6.8 VII-X 120 km 45°42′N 26°36′E / 45.7°N 26.6°E / 45.7; 26.6
8 November 1620 7.5 VIII 150 km 45°42′N 26°36′E / 45.7°N 26.6°E / 45.7; 26.6
1 February 1637 7.1 VIII 130 km 45°42′N 26°36′E / 45.7°N 26.6°E / 45.7; 26.6
19 April 1650 6.5 VII-X 100 km 45°42′N 26°36′E / 45.7°N 26.6°E / 45.7; 26.6
19 August 1681 7.1 VIII 150 km 45°42′N 26°36′E / 45.7°N 26.6°E / 45.7; 26.6 The earthquake occurred Monday night to Tuesday, at 7:15, in the post of St. Mary the Great. Damage was significant: collapsed churches, castles and houses.1
12 June 1701 7.1 VIII 150 km 45°42′N 26°36′E / 45.7°N 26.6°E / 45.7; 26.6
11 October 1711 6.5 VII-X 120 km 45°42′N 26°36′E / 45.7°N 26.6°E / 45.7; 26.6
6 April 1730 6.1 VII-X 100 km 45°42′N 26°36′E / 45.7°N 26.6°E / 45.7; 26.6
11 June 1738 7.7 VIII 130 km 45°42′N 26°36′E / 45.7°N 26.6°E / 45.7; 26.6
Main article: 1738 Vrancea earthquake
The earthquake occurred Wednesday at 3 o'clock and was felt in particular in Bucharest, Iași, Focșani, Buzău, and Sfântu Gheorghe. In Iași, 11 monasteries, 15 houses, 15 towers and a church steeple collapsed.[10] In Bucharest, the Princely Court was also damaged.1
5 April 1740 7.3 VIII 150 km 45°42′N 26°36′E / 45.7°N 26.6°E / 45.7; 26.6
18 January 1778 6.5 VII-X 130 km 45°30′N 26°36′E / 45.5°N 26.6°E / 45.5; 26.6
18 January 1787 6.5 VII-X 120 km 45°42′N 26°36′E / 45.7°N 26.6°E / 45.7; 26.6
6 April 1790 7.1 VIII 150 km 45°42′N 26°36′E / 45.7°N 26.6°E / 45.7; 26.6 The earthquake occurred at half past two p.m. and lasted about two minutes. It caused panic from Dubna (Russia) to Istanbul, and from Banat to Crimea. It lasted almost five minutes and caused severe damage in Transylvania, Bucharest and Iași.1
8 December 1793 6.2 VII-X 9.9 km 45°42′N 24°30′E / 45.7°N 24.5°E / 45.7; 24.5
26 October 1802 7.9 VIII 150 km 45°42′N 26°36′E / 45.7°N 26.6°E / 45.7; 26.6
Main article: 1802 Vrancea earthquake
Chronicles and records of the Orthodox Church indicate extensive damage to churches and tall buildings in Bucharest. This was the largest earthquake ever recorded in Romania, known by contemporary documents as "great earthquake of Good Friday". Despite its intensity, only four people were killed and hundreds injured.
5 March 1812 6.5 VII-X 130 km 45°42′N 26°36′E / 45.7°N 26.6°E / 45.7; 26.6
10 February 1821 6.6 VII-X 150 km 45°42′N 26°36′E / 45.7°N 26.6°E / 45.7; 26.6
17 November 1821 6.5 VII-X 130 km 45°42′N 26°36′E / 45.7°N 26.6°E / 45.7; 26.6
1 July 1829 6.2 VII-X 35 km 47°30′N 22°12′E / 47.5°N 22.2°E / 47.5; 22.2
26 November 1829 7.3 VIII 150 km 45°48′N 26°36′E / 45.8°N 26.6°E / 45.8; 26.6 The earthquake occurred on Thursday morning, at 4 o'clock, and caused great panic among the population. In Bucharest, 150 stone houses were demolished or severely damaged.1
3 August 1831 6.1 VII-X 100 km 45°42′N 26°36′E / 45.7°N 26.6°E / 45.7; 26.6
21 April 1835 6.5 VII-X 130 km 45°42′N 26°36′E / 45.7°N 26.6°E / 45.7; 26.6
23 January 1838 7.5 VIII 150 km 45°42′N 26°36′E / 45.7°N 26.6°E / 45.7; 26.6
Main article: 1838 Vrancea earthquake
73 deaths were recorded across the country, of which eight only in Bucharest. Hundreds of houses were completely destroyed, the damage being immense. A massive landslide barred the Bicaz River, forming the Red Lake.
6 March 1844 6.0 VII-X 110 km 45°42′N 26°36′E / 45.7°N 26.6°E / 45.7; 26.6
1 January 1848 6.5 VII-X 130 km 45°42′N 26°36′E / 45.7°N 26.6°E / 45.7; 26.6
28 October 1854 6.5 VII-X 150 km 45°42′N 26°36′E / 45.7°N 26.6°E / 45.7; 26.6
16 October 1862 6.5 VII-X 130 km 45°42′N 26°36′E / 45.7°N 26.6°E / 45.7; 26.6
27 November 1868 6.5 VII-X 135 km 45°42′N 26°36′E / 45.7°N 26.6°E / 45.7; 26.6
25 December 1880 6.8 VII-X 130 km 45°42′N 26°36′E / 45.7°N 26.6°E / 45.7; 26.6
19 August 1888 6.5 VII-X 100 km 45°42′N 26°36′E / 45.7°N 26.6°E / 45.7; 26.6
17 August 1893 7.1 VIII 100 km 45°42′N 26°36′E / 45.7°N 26.6°E / 45.7; 26.6
10 September 1893 6.5 VII-X 99.9 km 45°42′N 26°36′E / 45.7°N 26.6°E / 45.7; 26.6
4 March 1894 6.5 VII-X 130 km 45°42′N 26°36′E / 45.7°N 26.6°E / 45.7; 26.6
31 August 1894 7.1 VIII 130 km 45°42′N 26°36′E / 45.7°N 26.6°E / 45.7; 26.6 Occurred at 2:20 p.m. Underground noises reported in Panciu, Adjud and Focșani.
11 March 1896 6.6 VII-X 150 km 45°42′N 26°36′E / 45.7°N 26.6°E / 45.7; 26.6
24 November 1896 6.1 VII-X 100 km 45°42′N 26°36′E / 45.7°N 26.6°E / 45.7; 26.6

1900–present

Intensity maps for notable earthquakes (USGS)
Vrancea, 1977
Vrancea, 1990
Vrancea, 2004
Date Magnitude Intensity Depth Epicenter Casualties
13 September 1903 6.3 VII-X 70 km 45°42′N 26°36′E / 45.7°N 26.6°E / 45.7; 26.6
6 February 1904 6.6 VII-X 75 km 45°42′N 26°36′E / 45.7°N 26.6°E / 45.7; 26.6
6 October 1908 7.1 VIII 125 km 45°30′N 26°30′E / 45.5°N 26.5°E / 45.5; 26.5 The earthquake had three explosive moments at an interval of three minutes. The last phase generated "frightening jolts" and "formidable underground rumble".[11] It damaged old houses in Bucharest, eastern Wallachia and southern Moldavia.[12]
25 May 1912 6.7 VII-X 90 km 45°42′N 27°12′E / 45.7°N 27.2°E / 45.7; 27.2
26 January 1916 6.4 VII-X 21 km 45°24′N 24°36′E / 45.4°N 24.6°E / 45.4; 24.6
18 April 1919 6.1 VII-X 100 km 45°42′N 26°48′E / 45.7°N 26.8°E / 45.7; 26.8
9 August 1919 6.0 VII-X 120 km 45°42′N 26°36′E / 45.7°N 26.6°E / 45.7; 26.6
25 December 1925 6.1 VII-X 130 km 45°42′N 26°36′E / 45.7°N 26.6°E / 45.7; 26.6
30 March 1928 6.0 VII-X 120 km 45°54′N 26°30′E / 45.9°N 26.5°E / 45.9; 26.5
20 May 1929 6.0 VII-X 100 km 45°48′N 26°30′E / 45.8°N 26.5°E / 45.8; 26.5
1 November 1929 6.1 VII-X 160 km 45°54′N 26°30′E / 45.9°N 26.5°E / 45.9; 26.5
27 May 1932 6.0 VII-X 120 km 45°42′N 26°36′E / 45.7°N 26.6°E / 45.7; 26.6
2 February 1934 6.0 VII-X 140 km 45°42′N 26°36′E / 45.7°N 26.6°E / 45.7; 26.6
29 March 1934 6.6 VII-X 90 km 45°12′N 26°12′E / 45.2°N 26.2°E / 45.2; 26.2
13 July 1935 6.0 VII-X 140 km 45°18′N 26°36′E / 45.3°N 26.6°E / 45.3; 26.6
5 September 1935 6.0 VII-X 130 km 45°48′N 26°42′E / 45.8°N 26.7°E / 45.8; 26.7
17 May 1936 6.0 VII-X 140 km 45°18′N 26°18′E / 45.3°N 26.3°E / 45.3; 26.3
13 July 1938 6.0 VII-X 120 km 45°54′N 26°42′E / 45.9°N 26.7°E / 45.9; 26.7
5 September 1939 6.2 VII-X 120 km 45°54′N 26°42′E / 45.9°N 26.7°E / 45.9; 26.7
22 October 1940 6.5 VII-X 125 km 45°48′N 26°24′E / 45.8°N 26.4°E / 45.8; 26.4
10 November 1940 7.7 VIII 150 km 45°48′N 26°42′E / 45.8°N 26.7°E / 45.8; 26.7
Main article: 1940 Vrancea earthquake
This was the strongest earthquake recorded in the 20th century in Romania. Its effects were devastating in central and southern Moldavia, but also in Wallachia. The death toll was estimated at 1,000, with an additional figure of 4,000 wounded, mostly in Moldavia. The earthquake was felt in Bucharest, where there were about 300 deaths, mostly from the collapse of Carlton Bloc.
12 March 1945 6.1 VII-X 125 km 45°36′N 26°24′E / 45.6°N 26.4°E / 45.6; 26.4
7 September 1945 6.8 VII-X 80 km 45°54′N 26°30′E / 45.9°N 26.5°E / 45.9; 26.5
3 November 1946 6.0 VII-X 140 km 45°36′N 26°18′E / 45.6°N 26.3°E / 45.6; 26.3
29 May 1948 6.3 VII-X 130 km 45°48′N 26°30′E / 45.8°N 26.5°E / 45.8; 26.5
20 August 1973 6.0 VII-X 73 km 45°44′N 26°29′E / 45.74°N 26.48°E / 45.74; 26.48
1 October 1976 6.0 VII-X 146 km 45°41′N 26°29′E / 45.68°N 26.49°E / 45.68; 26.49
4 March 1977 7.4 VIII 94 km 45°46′N 26°46′E / 45.77°N 26.76°E / 45.77; 26.76
Main article: 1977 Vrancea earthquake
This was the deadliest earthquake ever recorded in Romania. The official death toll was put at 1,578. Throughout the country were 11,300 injured and about 35,000 homes have collapsed. Most property damage concentrated in Bucharest where over 30 buildings and large buildings collapsed.
30 August 1986 7.1 VIII 131.4 km 45°30′N 26°29′E / 45.5°N 26.49°E / 45.5; 26.49
Main article: 1986 Vrancea earthquake
The earthquake killed two people, injured 558 and damaged about 55,000 homes, leaving more than 12,500 people homeless in the Chișinău-Cahul area.
30 May 1990 6.9 VII-X 90.9 km 45°50′N 26°53′E / 45.83°N 26.89°E / 45.83; 26.89
Main article: 1990 Vrancea earthquakes
13 deaths and severe damage were reported on large areas in Romania, Moldova and Bulgaria.
31 May 1990 6.4 VII-X 86.9 km 45°51′N 26°55′E / 45.85°N 26.91°E / 45.85; 26.91
Main article: 1990 Vrancea earthquakes
This was the strongest replica of the 30 May mainshock.
27 October 2004 6.0 VII-X 98.6 km 45°47′N 26°44′E / 45.78°N 26.73°E / 45.78; 26.73 This was the strongest earthquake recorded in the 21st century in Romania. Its effects were minimal.

Gallery

See also

References

  1. ^ Lungu, D.; Aldea, A.; Arion, C. (2008). Romania'S Seismicity And Seismic Hazard: From Historical Records To Design Codes. Springer. p. 1–16. ISBN 978-1-4020-9242-8.
  2. ^ Vladimir Yu Sokolov, Friedemann Wenzel, Rakesh Mohindra, Probabilistic seismic hazard assessment for Romania and sensitivity analys: A case of joint consideration of intermediate-depth (Vrancea) and shallow (crustal) seismicity, Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 29, 364–381
  3. ^ Ardeleanu, L. et al. (2005) Probabilistic seismic hazard map for Romania as a basis for a new building code. Natural Hazards and Earth System Science 5, 679–684
  4. ^ Oncescu, M., Marza, V. I., Rizescu, M., and Popa, M. (1999). The Romanian earthquake catalogue between 984–1997, Vrancea Earthquakes: Tectonics, Hazard and Risk Mitigation (edited by F. Wenzel et al.), 43–47
  5. ^ Atanasiu I., 1961. Earthquakes in Romania. Academia R.P.R., Bucharest, 194pp. (in Romanian)
  6. ^ Radulian, M., Mândrescu, N., Panza, G.F., Popescu, E., Utale, A. (2000), Characterization of Seismogenic Zones of Romania, Pure appl. geophys. 157, 57–77
  7. ^ "Earthquake Risk Perception in Bucharest, Romania", Geological and Mining Engineering and Sciences
  8. ^ a b c Ștefănescu, Gr. (1901). Cutremurele de pămînt în România în timp de 1391 de anǐ: de la anul 455 până la 1846 (in Romanian). Bucharest: Carol Göbl Institute of Graphic Arts. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  9. ^ "Suntem pregătiți pentru a detecta un seism ?". Buletin de Carei (in Romanian). 27 March 2011.
  10. ^ "Istoria cutremurelor în România". Forpedia.
  11. ^ Mihaela Dicu (21 January 2014). "Cutremurele din România (partea I)". Astrele (in Romanian).
  12. ^ "Istoria cutremurelor din Vrancea și efectele din județul Prahova". Max-Media.ro. 21 November 2013.

External links

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