List of fatal dog attacks in Austria

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Main article: List of fatal dog attacks

Fatal or nearly fatal dog attacks in Austria have led to tightening of existing laws on keeping dogs in some of the nine provinces. The keeping of dogs in general, certain dog types or breeds, and "dogs with increased risk potential" is regulated differently from province to province. For example, Vienna prohibits protection dog training and other comparable training that involves attack behavior directed against humans.[1] The provinces Vienna,[2] Lower Austria[3] and Vorarlberg[4] have breed-specific legislation, as of 2023.

This is a list of human deaths caused by dogs reported by the news media, published in scholarly papers, or mentioned through other sources. In the lists below, the dog type or breed is assigned by the sources. For more information on causes of death and studies related to dog bite-related fatalities, see Fatal dog attacks.

Fatalities from 1987 to current[edit]

This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by adding missing items with reliable sources.
Date Victim age Victim gender Dog type (Number) Location Circumstances
October 6, 2023 52 Female Rottweiler (1) Lower Austria, Wilfleinsdorf A woman was walking along a road with her two grandchildren on July 26 when the dog "Kim" escaped from a garden, ran into the road, and bit several times. The entire family had to be treated in the hospital, the children suffered minor injuries. The woman received intensive medical care for 2.5 months and died as a result of her injuries. The dog originally came from a breed of the Austrian Armed Forces. He was taken to the Military Dog Center Kaisersteinbruch in Burgenland after the incident and later handed over to an animal shelter. The dog's owner was reported and a dog-keeping ban was imposed.[5][6][7][8][9]
October 2, 2023 60 Female American Staffordshire Terrier (3) Upper Austria, Naarn The woman was jogging near her house when she came across her neighbor and dog owner. According to initial reports, it was the male dog "Elmo" that killed the woman. She suffered very serious injuries and died before help arrived. The male dog was euthanized the same day of the incident. It later became known that the dog owner was out with three dogs, she said she fell and when she looked up, all three dogs were with the victim. In January 2024, DNA from the two female dogs was also found on the victim. Four remaining purebred American Staffordshire Terriers and seven puppies from the kennel were handed in by the owner/breeder after the incident. The mayor also issued a lifelong ban on the American Staffordshire Terrier breed. The owner was found guilty of gross negligence manslaughter on March 7, 2024, and sentenced to 15 months in prison, 5 months actual prison time. The relatives of the victim were awarded partial damages of € 40,000. The confiscation of the female dogs "Cookie" and "Peanut" requested by the public prosecutor's office was rejected by the judge. One dog lives with a new dog owner in Lower Austria and the other dog was placed in an animal shelter in Upper Austria.[10][11][12][13][14][15]
November 4, 2019 31 Male Belgian Shepherd of the variety: Malinois (2) Lower Austria, Wiener Neustadt The victim was tasked with feeding the service dogs. The dogs with the pet names "Hati" and "Ragna" were found running loose by an officer. The dog handler who was tasked with bringing the dogs back found the victim dead in the dog's kennel. While "Hati" was euthanized, the younger dog "Ragna" was given back to his breeder and owner.[16][17]
September 10, 2018 1 Male Rottweiler (1) Vienna, Donaustadt — The dog "Joey" broke away from his intoxicated owner when he saw the child. The child died from his injuries in the hospital. The dog was taken to an animal shelter but later euthanized after attacking staff. A few months before the fatal incident, the dog had bitten someone else on the neck. The owner received an 18-month sentence, with 6 months actual prison time and a fine of € 65,000.[18][19]
April 24, 2014 62 Female Golden Retriever (1) Burgenland The woman was bitten on the upper arm by the neighbor's dog while she visited her sister-in-law. She died a week after the bite from multiple organ failure.[20][21]
February 5, 2010 79 Female Rottweiler (2) Lower Austria, Lassee The woman was attacked by her son's two dogs named "Aaron" and "Tico" (or "Diko"). She was later found dead by a caregiver of the dogs. The two dogs had been living in the victim's house for five years, and she had regular contact with the dogs. According to the police, there was one benign incident beforehand in which a person's hand was injured. Both dogs were euthanized.[22]
August 14, 2009 1 Female Rottweiler (1) Lower Austria, Staningersdorf The victim was attacked by the father's dog named "Odin". When the police officer came home from work and wanted to greet the dog and his daughter, who came to him holding her grandmother's hand, the dog attacked the girl. The dog attacked without warning and bitten into her head. The father eventually managed to get her released from the dog and rushed her to hospital where she subsequently died. The dog was euthanized.[23][24][25]
June 1987 <1 Rottweiler (1) Vienna The 4-month-old child was killed by the family dog. The owner's wife and daughter were acquitted. The dog was not euthanized after the incident. In 1989, this dog and a second Rottweiler acquired shortly after the death inflicted serious injuries on an 8-year-old boy who was playing with other children on a nearby property. The Vienna Regional Criminal Court and the Vienna Higher Regional Court (on appeal) found the defendant guilty of negligent grievous bodily harm under particularly dangerous circumstances.[26][27]

Fatalities due to rabies[edit]

Austria has been considered rabies-free since 2008.[28] The last imported case of rabies occurred in 2004. A man was bitten by an infected dog in Morocco and died later in Austria.[29] Worldwide, around 60,000 people die every year from rabies transmitted by dogs.[30] If a person is injured by a dog suspected of being rabid, the local authority must be informed.[31] In Austria, precautionary measures against the import of rabies are still in force. When entering Austria, dogs must be able to present a valid vaccination and, depending on the country of entry, an additional serological rabies test. Puppies may only be imported into Austria from the age of 16 weeks, as this type of vaccination is only possible from 12 weeks and the time until the vaccination becomes effective is 21 days. With a permit from the authorities, it is possible to import future assistance dogs, for example, at an earlier age if there is sufficient justification. There is also an exception for future federal service dogs.[32][33][34]

Legal situation in Austria[edit]

Fatal dog attacks can be classified as accidents, negligent homicides (Strafgesetzbuch § 80) or grossly negligent homicides (Strafgesetzbuch § 81), depending on the circumstances.

In cases of dog attacks that result in life-threatening injury to humans, Austrian authorities can seize the dog and order its euthanasia. If a dog has shown aggressive behavior, authorities typically initiate a character test (Wesenstest) to assess the dog. If the dog is classified as dangerous, it will likely be required to wear a muzzle and be kept on a leash. Euthanasia after a dog bite is extremely rare and only occurs if the dog poses a danger to the public.[35] In 2018 the Rottweiler "Joey" broke away from its intoxicated owner and attacked a one-year-old boy who was walking on the other side of the street. The boy was seriously injured and died 18 days later in hospital.[36] The dog was placed in an animal shelter, where they refused to euthanize a healthy animal and attempted to resocialize him. However, after the dog attacked the shelter staff, they decided to euthanize him after all.[37][38][39]

Law changes after incidents[edit]

Vienna 2018: Following the death of a 17-month-old boy named Waris, who was attacked while taking a walk with his grandparents and later died in hospital,[40] the law was changed in the same year. The owner of the Rottweiler was intoxicated while walking the dog. On October 10, 2018, the then city councillor Ulli Sima (SPÖ) presented the 11th amendment to the Vienna Animal Wellfare Act together with the Chief of Police Gerhard Pürstl.[41] On November 29, 2018, the amendment to the Vienna Animal Wellfare Act was passed.[42]

The following amendments were adopted (selection):

  • The enforcement of a ban on keeping animals was made easier. For example, it is now possible to issue a ban on keeping animals to a person who has disregarded the muzzle or leash requirement and whose dog has injured a person or an animal. Once a ban has been issued, this person may no longer live in the same household as the animal. This is to prevent animals from being passed on to family members.
  • A certificate of competence (Sachkundenachweis) must be obtained before acquiring a new dog (from July 1, 2019).[43]
  • The requirements for obtaining a certificate of competence were extended (for example, no convictions for cruelty to animals are allowed).
  • A muzzle and leash requirement was introduced in public places for certain breeds and dog types (from the age of 6 months). Exemption permits can be issued.
  • Persons who are under the influence of alcohol (from 0.5 per mille) or narcotics are not allowed to lead certain breeds and dog types in public places. Public security officers have been authorized to test the breath of persons who are walking a certain dog in public places for alcohol content.
  • The authorities must require dogs that have shown aggression to pass a test. To be able to take this test, ten training sessions with an animal welfare-qualified dog trainer must be presented.[44]
  • The practical part of the required test has been extended.
  • The license for certain breeds and dog types (Mandatory Vienna Dog License[45]) has been limited in time (one mandatory repetition of the test after 21 to 24 months).[46] This mandatory dog license is necessary for the dog owner as well as for every person that handles the dog. The test must be done individually for each dog and each dog receives an individual dog card which has information like the microchip data on it. The dog handler must always carry the dog license and the dog card(s) as well as an identity card and present them during checks.
  • In the event of serious bodily injury or death, the dog must be removed by authorities.
  • In the event of a person being killed, the dog must be painlessly put down by law, unless the person bitten was at least grossly negligent in exposing themselves to the danger from the dog.
  • Every dog owner must take out and maintain liability insurance for a sum of at least € 725,000.[47]

Salzburg 2013: On May 6, 2011, a four-year-old girl named Mia from Wals-Siezenheim was attacked and seriously injured by a Rottweiler that jumped over the fence into the family's garden.[48][49] This incident was the trigger for an amendment to the Salzburg Provincial Safety Act. A registration requirement for dog owners was introduced, which stipulates a certificate of competence and mandatory liability insurance with a minimum cover amount.[50] The amendment to the Salzburg Provincial Safety Act came into force in 2013.[51]

Lower Austria 2009: There were several serious incidents involving dogs in the federal state of Lower Austria in 2009. For example, on September 2, a 3-year-old girl named Chiara was attacked and seriously injured by three Pit Bull Terriers in Rohrbach an der Gölsen and on November 13, a one-year-old girl named Hannah was killed by a Rottweiler. At the time, it was not legally possible to seize animals that endangered or injured people.[52][53] These incidents put politicians under pressure to act. In response to these and other incidents, the Lower Austrian Dog Law (NÖ Hundehaltegesetz) was drawn up, which was passed in the provincial parliament session on November 19 and came into force on January 1, 2010. In addition to the general regulations on safe keeping and handling of dogs, further regulations were introduced for "dogs with increased risk potential and dogs with attack history".[54]

Further amendments:

  • The confiscation of a dog in the interests of public safety was enabled.
  • The imposition of a ban on keeping dogs was enabled.
  • Introduction of an obligation to register dog ownership with the municipality.
  • Every dog owner must take out and maintain liability insurance.
  • Introduction of proof of the necessary expertise in dog ownership (certificate of competence).
  • The following dog types have been defined as dogs with increased risk potential: American Staffordshire Terrier, Bull Terrier, Bandog, Dogo Argentino, Pit Bull Terrier, Rottweiler, Tosa Inu, Staffordshire Bull Terrier, and crossbreeds of these dog types. It was planned to adapt this list by ordinance.
  • No more than 2 dogs with an attack history or dogs with increased risk potential may be kept in one home.

Legislation[edit]

Some federal states have created separate dog laws, others included the regulations on keeping dogs in their federal state security laws or police laws.

Overview of federal laws and ordinances on the keeping of dogs, dangerous dogs and dogs with increased risk potential (as of January 2024):

Federal State Legal texts and ordinances
Salzburg Law – Salzburg Provincial Safety Act
§ 19 Keeping dangerous dogs
§ 24 Handling a dangerous dog
Ordinance (PDF) – Ordinance of the Salzburg State Government of October 22, 2012 on the training required for keeping dogs
§ 1 Training for the keeping of non-dangerous dogs
§ 2 Training for the keeping of dangerous dogs
Vienna Law – Law on the keeping of animals (Vienna Animal Husbandry Act)
§ 5 Keeping of dogs Abs. 3
§ 5a Keeping of dogs that require a dog license (Information in English)
§ 8 Keeping dangerous animals Abs. 7 – 9
§ 8a Attack dog training
Vorarlberg Law – Law on Local Security and Police Affairs
§ 4 Animal husbandry that requires a permit
Ordinance of the provincial government on the keeping of fighting dogs
§1 §2
Upper Austria Dog Law – Law on keeping dogs

§ 1 General information
§ 7 Determination of a dog's abnormal behavior

Tyrol Law Police Law Tyrol
§ 6a Special obligations for keeping and handling of dogs
Styria Law Styria Provincial Safety Act

§ 3b Keeping of animals
Ordinance for proof of competence for dog keeping Styria
Individual municipalities may issue additional regulations for keeping dogs.

Carinthia Law Carinthia Provincial Safety Act
§ 7 Keeping of dangerous animals
§ 8 Preventing danger when keeping dogs
§ 10 Special provisions for attack dogs
§ 11 Warnings
§ 12 Coercive measures, ban on keeping animals
Lower Austria Law NÖ Dog Law 2023
§ 2 Dogs with increased risk potential
§ 3 Dogs with attack history
Ordinance for keeping dogs in Lower Austria 2023
Burgenland Law Burgenland Provincial Safety Act
§ 22 Keeping of dogs with attack history
 Austria Law Austrian Animal Protection Law

§ 14 Carers of animals § 24a Identification and registration of dogs and breeding cats

Note on legal topics: Wikipedia:Legal disclaimer

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ https://www.ris.bka.gv.at/GeltendeFassung.wxe?Abfrage=LrW&Gesetzesnummer=20000404
  2. ^ https://www.oesterreich.gv.at/themen/freizeit_und_strassenverkehr/haustiere/1/2/Seite.742280.html
  3. ^ https://www.oesterreich.gv.at/themen/freizeit_und_strassenverkehr/haustiere/1/2/Seite.742240.html
  4. ^ https://www.oesterreich.gv.at/themen/freizeit_und_strassenverkehr/haustiere/1/2/Seite.742270.html
  5. ^ red, noe ORF at/Agenturen (2023-10-18). "Frau zwei Monate nach Hundeattacke gestorben" [Woman dies two months after dog attack]. noe.ORF.at (in German). Retrieved 2023-10-19.
  6. ^ red, noe ORF at (2023-07-27). "Rottweiler-Attacke: Anzeige gegen Hundebesitzerin" [Rottweiler attack: dog owner reported]. noe.ORF.at (in German). Retrieved 2023-10-19.
  7. ^ "Nach Hundeattacke in Wilfleinsdorf: Frau (52) starb im Spital" [After dog attack in Wilfleinsdorf: woman (52) died in hospital]. nachrichten.at (in German). Retrieved 2023-10-19.
  8. ^ "Frau starb mehr als zwei Monate nach Hundeangriff im Krankenhaus" [Woman dies in hospital more than two months after dog attack]. DER STANDARD (in Austrian German). Retrieved 2023-10-19.
  9. ^ Wammerl, Patrick (2023-10-19). "Tödliche Hundeattacke: Erfahrener Trainer arbeitet mit Rottweiler-Hündin" [Fatal dog attack: Experienced trainer works with female Rottweiler]. kurier.at (in German). Retrieved 2023-10-24.
  10. ^ Fischer, Lisa (October 3, 2023). "Fatal Dog Attack Shakes Naarn: Tragedy Unfolds". Vienna Times. Archived from the original on October 11, 2023. Retrieved October 11, 2023.
  11. ^ Kaltenecker, Christine (October 3, 2023). "Expertin erklärt, wie es zur Attacke kommen konnte" [Expert explains how the attack could have come about]. Heute (in German). Archived from the original on October 5, 2023. Retrieved October 10, 2023.
  12. ^ "Always Remember of Hopeful Soul". www.pedigreedatabase.com (in German). Archived from the original on 2023-10-11. Retrieved 2023-10-11.
  13. ^ "DNA-Analyse: Spuren dreier Hunde am Körper von getöteter Joggerin" [DNA-analysis: Traces of three dogs on the body of the jogger who was killed]. MeinBezirk.at (in German). 2024-01-10. Retrieved 2024-01-11.
  14. ^ wil (2023-10-03). "Polizisten mussten nach Todes-Attacke betreut werden" [Police officers had to be looked after a fatal attack]. Heute.at (in Austrian German). Retrieved 2024-03-09.
  15. ^ Nachrichten, Salzburger (2024-03-06). "Teilbedingte Haft für Züchterin nach tödlichen Hundebissen: "Die Frau kam bestialisch ums Leben"" [Partial prison for breeder after fatal dog bite: “The woman died in a brutal manner”]. Salzburger Nachrichten (in Austrian German). Retrieved 2024-03-09.
  16. ^ "Austrian Army Says Soldier Mauled to Death by Service Dogs". Courthouse News Service. November 14, 2019. Archived from the original on June 1, 2023. Retrieved October 10, 2023.
  17. ^ "Soldat von Hunden getötet: Ermittlungsverfahren eingestellt" [Soldier killed by dogs: investigation closed]. vienna.at (in German). December 30, 2020. Archived from the original on December 31, 2020. Retrieved October 10, 2023.
  18. ^ "Austrian court jails woman over fatal dog attack on toddler". abc7news. March 25, 2019. Archived from the original on October 11, 2023. Retrieved October 11, 2023.
  19. ^ "Grieving family calls for muzzles for all dogs after son's death". News24. October 12, 2018. Archived from the original on October 11, 2023. Retrieved October 10, 2023.
  20. ^ "Burgenländerin starb im Spital nach Hundebiss: Staatsanwaltschaft ermittelt" [Burgenland woman died in hospital after a dog bite: public prosecutor's office is investigating]. DER STANDARD (in Austrian German). Retrieved 2023-10-19.
  21. ^ "Waisenhunde suchen ein neues Heim" [Orphan dogs are looking for a new home]. www.oe24.at (in German). 2014-05-15. Retrieved 2023-10-19.
  22. ^ "NÖ: Frau von zwei Rottweilern totgebissen" [Lower Austria: Woman bitten to death by two Rottweilers]. Vienna Online (in German). March 7, 2020. Archived from the original on March 3, 2021. Retrieved October 11, 2023.
  23. ^ "Rottweiler Odin beisst Kind tot" [Rottweiler Odin bites child to death]. Hamburger Abendblatt (in German). November 13, 2009. Archived from the original on October 11, 2023. Retrieved October 10, 2023.
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  26. ^ Verdict of the Vienna Higher Regional Court (OLG Vienna 22 Bs 403/89) of November 15, 1987
  27. ^ Mitgutsch, Ingrid (2005). "Die "Kampfhunderegelung" des § 81 Abs 1 Z 3 StGB - ein Fall unnötiger Anlassgesetzgebung?" [The “fighting dog regulation” of Section 81 Paragraph 1 Z 3 StGB - a case of unnecessary legislation?]. JSt - Journal für Strafrecht. 4: 111.
  28. ^ "Tollwut" [Rabies]. www.sozialministerium.at (in Austrian German). Retrieved 2023-10-19.
  29. ^ "Nach Hundebiss in Marokko: Steirer an Tollwut gestorben" [After a dog bite in Morocco: Styrian died of rabies]. Der Standard (in Austrian German). Retrieved 2023-10-19.
  30. ^ Robert Koch Institut. "Ratgeber Tollwut" [Guidebook Rabies]. www.rki.de (in German). Retrieved 2024-01-19.
  31. ^ Österreichs digitales Amt. "Bissverletzungen" [Bite injuries]. oesterreich.gv.at (in Austrian German). Retrieved 2024-01-19.
  32. ^ "Import von Hunden" [Import of dogs]. ÖKV - Österreichischer Kynologenverband (in German). Retrieved 2024-01-19.
  33. ^ "Einreise und Wiedereinreise von Hunden, Katzen, Frettchen und anderen Heimtieren im Reiseverkehr aus Drittstaaten nach Österreich" [Entry and re-entry of dogs, cats, ferrets and other pets traveling from third countries to Austria]. Das Bundesamt für Verbrauchergesundheit (BAVG) (in German). Retrieved 2024-01-19.
  34. ^ "Tierschutzminister Rauch erließ strengere Regeln für Welpenhandel" [Animal Welfare Minister Rauch issued stricter rules for the puppy trade]. Der Standard (in Austrian German). Retrieved 2024-01-19.
  35. ^ Binder, Regina (2018). "Euthanasie von Heimtieren: Das Tierschutzrecht zwischen Lebensschutz und Leidverkürzung" [Euthanasia of pet animals: Animal protection law between protecting life and reducing suffering]. Wiener Tierärztliche Monatsschrift – Veterinary Medicine Austria (in German) (105 (2018)): 119–128.
  36. ^ "Nach Hundebiss: Bub gestorben". wien.orf.at (in German). 2018-09-28. Archived from the original on 2023-10-12. Retrieved 2023-10-12.
  37. ^ "Zwei Not-OPs nach Rottweiler-Attacke: Kind in Lebensgefahr - Hund wird nicht eingeschläfert" [Two emergency operations after a Rottweiler attack: child's life is in danger - dog will not be euthanized]. Oe24 (in German). September 12, 2018. Archived from the original on October 24, 2020. Retrieved October 12, 2023.
  38. ^ "Bub nach Rottweiler-Biss gestorben: Frau drohen drei Jahre Haft" [Boy dies after Rottweiler bite: woman faces three years in prison]. Kurier (in German). September 28, 2018. Archived from the original on September 29, 2018. Retrieved October 12, 2023.
  39. ^ Melcher, Daniel (2018-09-12). "Rottweiler biss Kleinkind: "Wir töten keine Tiere"" [Rottweiler bites toddler: "We don't kill animals"]. kurier.at (in German). Archived from the original on 2018-12-03. Retrieved 2023-10-12.
  40. ^ "Tödlicher Hundebiss: „Mein Kind ist kein Opfer"" [Fatal dog bite: “My child is not a victim”]. wien.orf.at (in Austrian German). 2018-12-14. Retrieved 2024-01-19.
  41. ^ "Sima/Pürstl: Wien präsentiert umfassendes Sicherheits-Maßnahmenpaket zur Hundehaltung" [Sima/Pürstl: Vienna presents a comprehensive package of safety measures for keeping dogs]. OTS.at (in Austrian German). Retrieved 2024-01-19.
  42. ^ "32. Wiener Landtag" [Viennese State Parliament]. OTS.at (in Austrian German). Retrieved 2024-01-19.
  43. ^ Wiener, Tierschutzombudsstelle (2024). "Der Wiener Sachkundenachweis" [The Viennese certificate of competence]. Hunde-Kunde (in Austrian German). Retrieved 2024-04-08.
  44. ^ Stadt, Wien (2024). "Behördlicher Hundeführschein" [Officially imposed dog license]. www.wien.gv.at (in Austrian German). Retrieved 2024-04-08.
  45. ^ "Vienna Dog Licence". www.wien.gv.at. Retrieved 2024-04-09.
  46. ^ Stadt, Wien (2024). "Verpflichtender Hundeführschein, Anmeldung zur Prüfung" [Mandatory dog license, registration for the exam]. www.wien.gv.at (in Austrian German). Retrieved 2024-04-08.
  47. ^ "Hundeabgabe (Hundesteuer) - Hund anmelden oder abmelden" [Dog tax - register or deregister your dog]. www.wien.gv.at (in German). 2024. Retrieved 2024-04-08.
  48. ^ "Rottweiler-Attacke: Trainerin belastet Angeklagten" [Rottweiler attack: trainer incriminates defendant]. salzburg.orf.at (in Austrian German). 2012-02-04. Archived from the original on 2024-01-10. Retrieved 2024-04-07.
  49. ^ "Rottweiler-Biss: Bedingte Haft für Besitzer" [Rottweiler bite: Conditional imprisonment for owner]. Die Presse (in German). 2012-03-30. Archived from the original on 2024-01-10. Retrieved 2024-04-07.
  50. ^ "Hundehaltung - Land Salzburg" [Keeping dogs - Federal state of Salzburg]. www.salzburg.gv.at. Retrieved 2024-04-07.
  51. ^ Huber, Heidi (2023-10-05). "Hundebisse: Seit zehn Jahren gibt es in Salzburg den "Hundeführschein" - was sich seither geändert hat" [Dog bites: There has been a “dog driving license” in Salzburg for ten years - which has changed since then]. Salzburger Nachrichten (in Austrian German). Archived from the original on 2024-01-10. Retrieved 2024-04-07.
  52. ^ "Rechtliche Konsequenzen nach Biss-Attacke" [Legal consequences after a bite attack]. noev1.orf.at. Archived from the original on 2024-01-14. Retrieved 2024-04-07.
  53. ^ "Pitbullterrier-Attacke auf Dreijährige: Jugendamt prüft" [Pit bull terrier attack on three-year-old: Youth Welfare Office investigates]. Die Presse (in Austrian German). 2009-09-08. Archived from the original on 2024-01-14. Retrieved 2024-04-07.
  54. ^ "Schneeberger: Neue Vorgaben für ein sicheres Miteinander zwischen Mensch und Hund in Niederösterreich" [Schneeberger: New requirements for safe coexistence between people and dogs in Lower Austria]. OTS.at (in Austrian German). 2019-11-10. Archived from the original on 2021-05-05. Retrieved 2024-04-07.
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