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List of foreign-born samurai in Japan

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This is a list of foreign-born people who became samurai. Whether these individuals were members of the warrior class (bushi) is a subject of debate among historians.[1] The word samurai has had a variety of meanings historically, and could vary from region to region. The term is also typically used generically to refer to Japanese warriors.[2]

Birthplace Original name Occupation before arrival in Japan Year of arrival in Japan Name in Japan Lord Occupation and achievements in Japan
Portuguese Mozambique?[3]
(now  Mozambique) 		unknown Servant of Jesuit missionary Alessandro Valignano[4] 1579[4] Yasuke
弥助 		Oda Nobunaga He was given a stipend by Nobunaga. He fought at during the Honnō-ji incident.[5]He participated in the inspection tour of Koshu following its conquest.[6]
Hanseong, Joseon[7]
(now  South Korea) 		Kim Yeo-cheol
(Kanji: 金如鐵)[8] 		Son of 金時省, civil officer of Joseon[8] 1592[7] Wakita Naokata
脇田直賢[7] 		Maeda Toshinaga→
Maeda Toshitsune[7]→
Maeda Mitsutaka→
Maeda Tsunanori 		240 koku later increased to 1,000 koku. On-Koshōgashira (Head of pages). Kanazawa machi-bugyō (Commissioner of Kanazawa city). He served in the Summer Campaign of the Siege of Osaka.[7]
Joseon[9] unknown[9] Son of 曽清官, commanding officer of Joseon[9] 1598[9] Soga Seikan
曾我清官[9] 		Nakagawa Hidenari[9] 150 koku. Page of Hidenari.[9]
Joseon[10] (Kanji:李聖賢)[10] Son of Yi Bok-nam, commander of Joseon[10] 1598[10] Rinoie Motohiro
李家元宥[10] 		Mōri Terumoto→
Mōri Hidenari[10] 		100 koku. Adviser of Mori clan. He was the swordsman who received menkyo of Yagyū Shinkage-ryū.[10]
Delft, Spanish Netherlands Jan Joosten van Lodensteijn Mate of De Liefde, Dutch ship[11] 1600[11] Yayōsu
耶楊子 		Tokugawa Ieyasu→
Tokugawa Hidetada 		100 koku. He was given the rank of Hatamoto and 50 servants.[11][12] Under the Tokugawa Shogunate, he chartered several Red Seal Ships.
Gillingham, Kent, Kingdom of England William Adams Pilot of De Liefde, Dutch ship[13] 1600[13] Miura Anjin (the pilot of Miura)
三浦按針 		Tokugawa Ieyasu→
Tokugawa Hidetada 		250 koku.[11][14] He was granted the rank of Hatamoto, a fief and 80-90 servants. Interpreter and shipwright of Tokugawa Shogunate. (Adams was the model for the character John Blackthorne in James Clavell's novel Shōgun (1975).)
Joseon[15][16] unknown unknown unknown Yagyū Shume
柳生主馬[15] 		Yagyū Munenori[15]→
Yagyū "Jūbei" Mitsuyoshi→
Yagyū Munefuyu 		Retainer of Yagyū clan. 200 koku?[16] He married the sister of Yagyū "Hyōgonosuke" Toshitoshi.[10]
Henan, Ming Dynasty
(now  China)[17][18] 		(Kanji:藍會榮)[18] The member of the inner circle of Ming dynasty[18] After 1624[18] Kawaminami Genbei (First)
河南源兵衛[18] 		Shimazu Iehisa[18] 300 koku. He was political refugee from Ming. Tōtsūji (Chinese translator) of Satsuma domain. He was given right to wear swords.[18]
Kingdom of Prussia Henry Schnell[19] Soldier and arms dealer 1860s Hiramatsu Buhei
平松武兵衛 		Matsudaira Katamori Served the Aizu domain as a military instructor and procurer of weapons. Given the right to wear swords, a mansion in the castle town of Wakamatsu and retainers.
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See also

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References

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  1. ^ Vaporis, Constantine Nomikos (2019). Samurai. An Encyclopedia of Japan's Cultured Warriors. Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO. p. 114. ISBN 978-1-4408-4270-2.
  2. ^ Vaporis, Constantine Nomikos (14 March 2019). Samurai: An Encyclopedia of Japan's Cultured Warriors. Bloomsbury Academic. ISBN 9781440842702.
  3. ^ "Yasuke: le premier samouraï étranger était africain". Rfi.fr. 2 January 2015. Archived from the original on 14 January 2020.
  4. ^ a b Hollingworth, William (15 June 2019). "'African Samurai': The story of Yasuke — black samurai and warlord's confidant". The Japan Times. Retrieved 18 December 2019.
  5. ^ 村上直次郎; 柳谷武夫（訳） (2002), イエズス会日本年報 上, 新異国叢書, 雄松堂出版, ISBN 978-4-8419-1000-1
  6. ^ "松平家忠、「家忠日記」、文科大学史誌叢書第2巻、吉川半七、1897年、54頁". Retrieved 4 August 2015.
  7. ^ a b c d e "笠井純一、「家伝 金（脇田）如鉄自伝[翻刻解説]」、金沢大学教養部論集. 人文科学篇、1990年、一頁" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 4 August 2015.
  8. ^ a b "笠井純一、「家伝 金（脇田）如鉄自伝[翻刻解説]」、金沢大学教養部論集. 人文科学篇、1990年、7頁" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 4 August 2015.
  9. ^ a b c d e f g 内藤 雋輔 (1976), 文禄・慶長役における被虜人の研究, 東京大学出版会, 723-724頁
  10. ^ a b c d e f g h 毛利 吉元; 山口県文書館 (1987). 萩藩閥閲録第四巻. 山口県文書館. pp. 143–142.
  11. ^ a b c d 良和, 森 (2014). "メルヒオール・ファン・サントフォールト" (PDF). 玉川大学学術リポジトリ. p. 81. Retrieved 4 August 2015.
  12. ^ Corr, Adams the Pilot: The Life and Times of Captain William Adams. Pp.158
  13. ^ a b 良和, 森 (2014). "メルヒオール・ファン・サントフォールト" (PDF). 玉川大学学術リポジトリ. p. 82. Retrieved 4 August 2015.
  14. ^ 『家康の家臣団: 天下を取った戦国最強軍団』、山下昌也、学研プラス、2011年
  15. ^ a b c 今村 嘉雄 (1967), 史料柳生新陰流 上巻, 人物往来社,65頁
  16. ^ a b 根岸 鎮衛, 耳嚢 巻一
  17. ^ "阿久根市観光サイト アクネ うまいね 自然だネ 阿久根市の魅力". Retrieved 16 August 2018.
  18. ^ a b c d e f g 高向 嘉昭. "近世薩摩における豪商の活躍とその没落について" (PDF). Retrieved 16 August 2018.
  19. ^ "Asahi.com（朝日新聞社）：維新期の会津・庄内藩、外交に活路 ドイツの文書館で確認 - 文化トピックス - 文化". www.asahi.com. Archived from the original on 5 August 2011.
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