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List of human disease case fatality rates

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This is a list of human infectious disease case fatality rates (CFRs). A CFR is the proportion (percentage) of people diagnosed with a disease who die during the course of the disease. (Cf. mortality rate.) Values refer to optimally treated cases unless otherwise indicated.

Disease Treatment CFR Notes Reference(s)
Prion diseases, or transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSE) 100% Includes Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease and all its variants, Kuru, and Gerstmann-Staussler-Scheinker Syndrome. [1]
African trypanosomiasis, untreated Untreated ~100% [2]
Plague, septicemic or pneumonic types, untreated Untreated ~ 100% [1]
Primary amoebic meningoencephalitis, Naegleria fowleri ~ 100% [1]
Rabies, untreated Untreated ~ 100% [1]
Visceral leishmaniasis, untreated Untreated ~ 100% [3]
Glanders, septicemic, untreated Untreated 95% [4]
Smallpox, Variola major, malignant (flat) or hemorrhagic types ~ 95% [5]: 28 
Anthrax, inhalational > 93% 45% in the 2001 AMERITHRAX letter attacks. [1][5]: 88 
Granulomatous amoebic encephalitis, Balamuthia mandrillaris & Acanthamoeba ≥ 90% [6]
AIDS/HIV infection, untreated, during first 5 years in developed countries Untreated 80-90% [7]: 1 
Ebola virus disease (for EBOV "strain" outbreaks only: formerly Zaire Ebola virus) ~ 83%, up to 90%
(May be considerably lower with supportive care) 		[1][8][9]
Ebola virus disease (for all types of ebolavirus outbreaks combined) 60-65%
(any one outbreak: 50%-90%) 		[1][8][9]
Lujo virus disease 80% In the one outbreak, 4 of 5 patients died.
Marburg virus disease ≤ 80% [1]
Aspergillosis, invasive pulmonary form 50-90% [10]
Herpes B virus disease ≤ 70% [1]
Smallpox, Variola major, in pregnant women > 65% [5]: 88 
Bubonic plague, untreated Untreated ≤ 60% [1][5]: 57 
Tularemia pneumonia, untreated Untreated ≤ 60% [5]: 78 
Ebola virus disease, Sudan variant (SUDV) ~ 54%
Anthrax, gastorintestinal, intestinal type > 50% [5]: 27 
Glanders, septicemic 50% [4]
Plague, pneumonic 50% [5]: 58 
Middle Eastern Respiratory Syndrome ~ 45%
Reye's Syndrome > 40% [11]
Plague, septicemic 30-50% [5]: 58 
Tularemia, typhoidal, untreated Untreated ~ 35% [5]: 77 
Yellow fever 20-50% [7]: 684 
Eastern equine encephalitis virus ~ 33% [12]
Anthrax, gastrointestinal, oropharyngeal type 10-50% [5]: 27 
Ebola virus disease, Bundibugyo variant (BDBV) ~ 32%
Smallpox, Variola major, unvaccinated Unvaccinated 30% [5]: 88 
Varicella (chickenpox), newborns, untreated Untreated ~ 30% Where the mothers develop the disease between 5 days prior to, or 2 days after, delivery. [7]: 110 
Dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF) Untreated 26% Dengue haemorrhagic fever is also known as severe dengue.[13] [14]
Malaria ≤ 20%
Leptospirosis < 5-30% [7]: 352 
Legionellosis ~ 15% [7]: 665 
Meningococcal disease 10-20%
Typhoid fever, untreated Untreated 10-20% [7]: 665 
Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) 11% [15]
Intestinal capillariasis, untreated Untreated ~ 10% [16]
Visceral leishmaniasis ~ 10% [17]
Botulism < 10% [18]
Diphtheria, respiratory ~ 5-10% [19]
Bubonic plague < 5% [5]: 57 
Tularemia, typhoidal ~ 3-5% [5]: 77 
Pertussis (whooping cough), infants, unvaccinated, in developing countries Unvaccinated ~ 3.7% [7]: 456 
Dengue fever (DF) Untreated 1-5% [14]
Smallpox, Variola major, vaccinated Vaccinated 3% [5]: 88 
Spanish (1918) flu > 2.5% [20]
Measles (rubeola), in developing countries ~ 1-3% May reach 10-30% in some localities. [7]: 431 
Brucellosis, untreated Untreated ≤ 2% [7]: 87 
Hepatitis A, adults > 50 years old ~ 1.8% [7]: 278 
Complications of variolation 0.5-2%
Lassa Fever ~ 1% 15% in hospitalized patients; higher in some epidemics. [7]: 334 
Mumps encephalitis ~ 1% [7]: 431 
Pertussis (whooping cough), children, unvaccinated, in developing countries Unvaccinated ~ 1% For children 1-4 years old. [7]: 456 
Smallpox, Variola minor, unvaccinated Unvaccinated 1% [5]: 87–88 
Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis (VEE) < 1% [5]: 97–98 
Anthrax, cutaneous < 1% [5]: 27 
Typhoid fever < 1% [7]: 665 
Hepatitis A 0.1-0.3 % [7]: 278 
Asian (1956-58) flu ~ 0.1% [21]
Hong Kong (1968-69) flu ~ 0.1% [21]
Influenza A, typical pandemics < 0.1% [20]
Varicella (chickenpox), adults 0.02% This is 1:5,000. [7]: 110 
Varicella (chickenpox), children 0.001% This is 1:100,000. [7]: 110 

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Herriman, Robert (7 May 2010). [goo.gl/6h1ldH "My List of the Five Deadliest Communicable Diseases"]. Examiner.com. {{cite news}}: Check |url= value (help)
  2. ^ Seattle Biomed, (2014)
  3. ^ World Health Organization, (2013) "Health Topics: Leishmaniasis."
  4. ^ a b New Jersey Department of Agriculture (2003), Glanders: Infections in Humans
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q USAMRIID (2011). "USAMRIID's Medical Management of Biological Casualties Handbook" (PDF) (7th ed.). U.S. Government Printing Office. ISBN 9780160900150. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  6. ^ Khan, Naveed Ahmed, "Granulomatous Amoebic Encephalitis: Clinical Diagnosis and Management," American Journal of Infectious Diseases 1 (2): 79-83, 2005
  7. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q Heymann, David L., ed. (2008). "Control of Communicable Diseases Manual" (19th ed.). Washington, D.C.: American Public Health Association. ISBN 978-0-87553-189-2. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  8. ^ a b "Ebola virus disease Fact sheet N°103". World Health Organization. March 2014. Retrieved 12 April 2014.
  9. ^ a b C.M. Fauquet (2005). Virus taxonomy classification and nomenclature of viruses; 8th report of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. Oxford: Elsevier/Academic Press. p. 648. ISBN 9780080575483.
  10. ^ M. Kousha, R. Tadi and A.O. Soubani, Pulmonary aspergillosis: a clinical review, European Respiratory Review, September 1, 2011, vol. 20, no. 121, 156-174.
  11. ^ Lisa A. Degnan, PharmD, BCPS, USPharmacist.com, (20 March 2012) "Reye’s Syndrome: A Rare But Serious Pediatric Condition."
  12. ^ Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, (16 August 2010) "Eastern Equine Encephalitis."
  13. ^ "Dengue and severe dengue". World Health Organization. Fact sheet N°117. March 2014. Retrieved 2014-08-08.
  14. ^ a b Ranjit S, Kissoon N (January 2011). "Dengue hemorrhagic fever and shock syndromes". Pediatr. Crit. Care Med. 12 (1): 90–100. doi:10.1097/PCC.0b013e3181e911a7. PMID 20639791.
  15. ^ World Health Organization (2003) Consensus document on the epidemiology of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), Department of Communicable Disease Surveillance and Response, WHO; pg 10.
  16. ^ David Bernstein, M.D., "Intestinal Parasite Infections From Roundworms -- Description, Diagnosis, Treatment."
  17. ^ World Health Organization, (2013) "Initiative for Vaccine Research (IVR): Parasitic Diseases - Leishmaniasis."
  18. ^ Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (1998), Botulism in the United States 1899-1996: Handbook for Epidemiologists, Clinicians, and Laboratory Workers, Atlanta, Georgia. Foodborne botulism during the 1950s had a CFR of approximately 25%.
  19. ^ Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, (7 February 2011) "Diphtheria."
  20. ^ a b Taubenberger, Jeffery K.; Morens, David M. (January 2006). "1918 influenza: the mother of all pandemics". Emerging Infectious Diseases. 12 (1). Coordinating Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. ISSN 1080-6059. Retrieved 2009-04-17.
  21. ^ a b Li, F C K; B C K Choi; T Sly; A W P Pak (June 2008). "Finding the real case-fatality rate of H5N1 avian influenza". Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health. 62 (6): 555–559. doi:10.1136/jech.2007.064030. ISSN 0143-005X. PMID 18477756. Retrieved 2009-04-29.

See also

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