List of retired Pacific typhoon names
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Typhoon_maemi_2003.jpg/220px-Typhoon_maemi_2003.jpg)
This is a list of all Pacific typhoons that have had their names retired by the Japan Meteorological Agency. A total of 34 typhoon names have been retired since the start of official tropical cyclone naming in the western North Pacific Ocean in 2000. Tropical cyclone names are retired by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) in a meeting in January or February. Those typhoons that have their names retired tend to be exceptionally destructive storms. Several names were removed or altered naming list for various reasons other than retirement. Collectively, retired typhoons have caused over $68 billion in damage (2024 USD), as well as over 12,000 deaths.
Background
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Aerial_view_of_Tacloban_after_Typhoon_Haiyan.jpg/220px-Aerial_view_of_Tacloban_after_Typhoon_Haiyan.jpg)
The practice of using names to identify tropical cyclones goes back several centuries, with systems named after places, saints or things they hit before the formal start of naming in the Western Pacific.[1] These included the Kamikaze, 1906 Hong Kong typhoon, 1922 Swatow typhoon and the 1934 Muroto typhoon.[2]
The practice of retiring significant names was started during 1955 by the United States Weather Bureau in the Northern Atlantic basin, after hurricanes Carol, Edna, and Hazel struck the East Coast of the United States and caused a significant amount of damage in the previous year.[3] Initially the names were only designed to be retired for ten years after which they might be reintroduced; however, it was decided at the 1969 Interdepartmental hurricane conference, that any significant hurricane in the future would have its name permanently retired.[3][4] The first tropical cyclone name to be removed in the South Pacific, was Rosie after it had impacted Vanuatu and New Caledonia during 1971. Several names have been removed from the Pacific naming lists for various other reasons than causing a significant amount of death/destruction, which include being pronounced in a very similar way to other names and political reasons.[5][6]
In 2000, the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) began naming tropical cyclones from a list of 140 names, submitted by 14 countries. Previously, the JMA labeled storms with numbers, but not names. The JMA has been the official warning agency of the western Pacific Ocean since 1981, though other organizations have also tracked typhoons. The Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) unofficially named tropical cyclones from 1947 to 1999.[7] During this time period, there were several pre-determined tropical cyclone lists, in which many names were removed and replaced with others.[8] The Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA) names tropical cyclones using a separate list, which is adjusted periodically.[9]
Several names were removed from the list. In 2002, the name Hanuman was replaced prior to being used, due to objection by the India Meteorological Department for reason of religion.[10] Additionally, the name Kodo was replaced in 2002 without being used.[11] The following year, Koni was replaced by Goni, after an apparent misspelling was made. In 2004, the names Yanyan and Tingting were removed at the request of the Hong Kong Observatory.[11][12] A total of nine names on the list had their spellings changed.[11] In February 2014, the name Sonamu was removed at the request from Malaysia due to causing unprecedented panic by the similar pronunciation to tsunami.[13] In February 2015 the name Jongdari was chosen as replacement for Sonamu. In the 46th session of the Typhoon Committee, it was noted the name Vicente appears on both the tropical cyclone name lists for the Western North Pacific and Eastern North Pacific. In response to this duplication the name Lan was chosen as replacement for Vicente on the Western North Pacific name list to avoid potential confusion.
20th century
Between 1947 and 2000, eleven names of significant tropical cyclones were retired from the list of names used by the United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center.[14] During this time other names were removed from the naming lists, including in 1979 when the lists of names used were revised to include both male and female names.[14][15] Tropical Storm Lucille was the first name to be retired for its impacts, while Ophelia was retired because of its long 8,045 km (5,000 mi) track.[14]
Name | Dates | Classification | Wind speeds | Pressure | Primary areas affected | Deaths | Damages | References |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Lucille | May 25 – June 4, 1960 | Tropical storm | 85 km/h (50 mph) | 985 hPa (29.09 inHg) | Philippines | 300–500 | $2 million | [16][17][18][19][20] |
Ophelia | November 21 – December 6, 1960 |
Category 4 super typhoon | 250 km/h (155 mph) | 925 hPa (27.32 inHg) | Caroline Islands | 2 | Unknown | [14][21] |
Karen | November 7 – 17, 1962 | Category 5 super typhoon | 295 km/h (185 mph) | 894 hPa (26.40 inHg) | Guam | 11 | $250 million | [22] |
Bess | October 8 – 14, 1974 | Category 1 typhoon | 120 km/h (75 mph) | 977 hPa (28.85 inHg) | Philippines, China, Vietnam | 32 | $9.2 million | [14][23][24] |
Bess | July 21 – August 3, 1982 | Category 5 super typhoon | 260 km/h (160 mph) | 900 hPa (26.58 inHg) | Japan | 95 | $2.32 billion | [25] |
Ike | August 26 – September 6, 1984 |
Category 4 typhoon | 230 km/h (145 mph) | 950 hPa (28.05 inHg) | Guam, Philippines, China | 1,142 | $1 billion | |
Roy | January 7 – 19, 1988 | Category 4 typhoon | 215 km/h (135 mph) | 940 hPa (27.76 inHg) | Micronesia, Philippines | 2 | $28.5 million | |
Mike | November 5 – 18, 1990 | Category 5 super typhoon | 280 km/h (175 mph) | 915 hPa (27.02 inHg) | Micronesia, Philippines, China | 748 | $220 million | |
Mireille | September 13 – 27, 1991 | Category 4 super typhoon | 240 km/h (150 mph) | 925 hPa (27.32 inHg) | Mariana Islands, Japan, South Korea | 66 | $10 billion | |
Thelma | November 1 – 8, 1991 | Tropical storm | 85 km/h (50 mph) | 992 hPa (29.29 inHg) | Philippines, Vietnam | 5,081–8,145 | $26.7 million | [26][27][28][29] |
Omar | August 20 – September 6, 1992 |
Category 4 super typhoon | 240 km/h (150 mph) | 920 hPa (27.17 inHg) | Mariana Islands, Guam, Taiwan, China | 2 | $457 million | |
11 Names | Reference for retired names.[nb 1] | 7481 | $14.3 billion |
2000s
Name | Dates | Classification | Wind speeds | Pressure | Primary areas affected | Deaths | Damages | References |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Vamei | December 26, 2001 – January 1, 2002 |
Tropical storm | 85 km/h (50 mph) | 1006 hPa (29.71 inHg) | Singapore, Malaysia, Indonesia | 5 | $3.6 million | [nb 2][30] |
Chataan | June 27 – July 13, 2002 | Typhoon | 175 km/h (110 mph) | 930 hPa (27.46 inHg) | Chuuk, Guam, Japan | 54 | $660 million | [31][32][33] |
Rusa | August 22 – September 4, 2002 | Typhoon | 150 km/h (90 mph) | 950 hPa (28.05 inHg) | Japan, Korean Peninsula | 238 | $4.2 billion | [34] |
Pongsona | December 2 – 12, 2002 | Typhoon | 165 km/h (105 mph) | 940 hPa (27.76 inHg) | Mariana Islands | 1 | $730 million | [35][36] |
Yanyan | January 11 – 21, 2003 | Tropical storm | 65 km/h (40 mph) | 1000 hPa (29.53 inHg) | Mariana Islands | None | None | |
Imbudo | July 15 – 25, 2003 | Typhoon | 165 km/h (105 mph) | 935 hPa (27.61 inHg) | Philippines, China | 64 | $340 million | [37][38][39] |
Maemi | September 4 – 16, 2003 | Typhoon | 195 km/h (120 mph) | 910 hPa (26.87 inHg) | Korean Peninsula | 117 | $4.1 billion | [34] |
Sudal | April 2 – 18, 2004 | Typhoon | 165 km/h (105 mph) | 940 hPa (27.76 inHg) | Yap, Guam | None | $14 million | [40] |
Tingting | June 24 – July 4, 2004 | Typhoon | 150 km/h (90 mph) | 955 hPa (28.20 inHg) | Mariana Islands, Japan | 12 | $23.7 million | |
Rananim | August 6 – 15, 2004 | Typhoon | 150 km/h (90 mph) | 950 hPa (28.05 inHg) | China, Japan | 169 | $2.44 billion | [41][42] |
Matsa | July 30 – August 9, 2005 | Typhoon | 150 km/h (90 mph) | 950 hPa (28.05 inHg) | China, Taiwan | 29 | $2.23 billion | [43][44] |
Nabi | August 29 – September 9, 2005 | Typhoon | 175 km/h (110 mph) | 925 hPa (27.32 inHg) | Mariana Islands, Japan, South Korea | 32 | $535 million | |
Longwang | September 25 – October 3, 2005 | Typhoon | 175 km/h (110 mph) | 930 hPa (27.46 inHg) | Taiwan, China | 149 | $971 million | [45][46][47] [48][49][50] |
Chanchu | May 8 – 19, 2006 | Typhoon | 175 km/h (110 mph) | 930 hPa (27.46 inHg) | Philippines, Taiwan, China, Vietnam | 268 | $478 million | [51][52] |
Bilis | July 8 – 16, 2006 | Severe tropical storm | 110 km/h (70 mph) | 970 hPa (28.64 inHg) | Philippines, Taiwan, China | 859 | $4.4 billion | [53][54][55] |
Saomai | August 4 – 11, 2006 | Typhoon | 195 km/h (120 mph) | 925 hPa (27.32 inHg) | Mariana Islands, Taiwan, China | 458 | $2.5 billion | [55][56] |
Xangsane | September 25 – October 2, 2006 | Typhoon | 155 km/h (100 mph) | 925 hPa (27.76 inHg) | Philippines, Vietnam, Thailand | 312 | $750 million | [57][58][59][60] |
Durian | November 25 – December 7, 2006 | Typhoon | 195 km/h (120 mph) | 915 hPa (27.02 inHg) | Philippines, Vietnam, Thailand | >1,500 | >$400 million | [61][62][63][64] |
Morakot | August 2 – 12, 2009 | Typhoon | 140 km/h (85 mph) | 945 hPa (27.90 inHg) | Taiwan, China, Korean Peninsula | 789 | $6.2 billion | |
Ketsana | September 23 – 30, 2009 | Typhoon | 130 km/h (80 mph) | 960 hPa (28.35 inHg) | Philippines, Vietnam, Laos Cambodia, Thailand |
710 | $1.09 billion | [65] |
Parma | September 27 – October 14, 2009 | Typhoon | 185 km/h (115 mph) | 930 hPa (27.46 inHg) | Philippines, China, Vietnam | 500 | $617 million | |
Names | References:[nb 1][nb 3][nb 4][nb 5][nb 6] |
2010s
So far during the current decade thirteen names have had their names retired by the Typhoon Committee. Collectively, these systems killed at least 9349 people and caused at least $33.6 billion worth of damage. Typhoon Haiyan is currently the strongest and deadliest storm of the decade to have its name retired, while Typhoon Fitow is currently the costliest storm of the decade to have its name retired.
Name | Dates | Peak intensity | Areas affected | Damage (USD) |
Deaths | Refs | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Category | Wind speed | Pressure | ||||||
Fanapi | September 14 – 21, 2010 | Typhoon | 175 km/h (110 mph) | 930 hPa (27.46 inHg) | Taiwan, China | $987 million | 105 | [68] |
Washi | December 13 – 19, 2011 | Severe tropical storm | 95 km/h (60 mph) | 992 hPa (29.29 inHg) | Micronesia, Palau, Philippines | $48.4 million | 1,268 | [69][70] |
Vicente | July 18 – 25, 2012 | Typhoon | 150 km/h (90 mph) | 950 hPa (28.05 inHg) | Philippines, China Vietnam, Laos, Burma |
$329 million | 15 | |
Bopha | November 25 – December 9, 2012 | Typhoon | 185 km/h (115 mph) | 930 hPa (27.46 inHg) | Micronesia, Philippines | $1.04 billion | 1,146 | |
Sonamu | January 1 – 10, 2013 | Severe tropical storm | 95 km/h (60 mph) | 990 hPa (29.23 inHg) | Philippines, Vietnam, Malaysia | Minimal | 2 | [71][72] |
Utor | August 8 – 18, 2013 | Typhoon | 195 km/h (120 mph) | 925 hPa (27.32 inHg) | Philippines, China | $2.6 billion | 97 | [73][74][75] |
Fitow | September 29 – October 7, 2013 | Typhoon | 140 km/h (85 mph) | 960 hPa (28.35 inHg) | China, Taiwan, Japan | $10.4 billion | 12 | [73] |
Haiyan | November 3 – 11, 2013 | Typhoon | 230 km/h (145 mph) | 895 hPa (26.43 inHg) | Palau, Philippines, Vietnam, China | $2.86 billion | 6,340 | [73][76] |
Rammasun | July 9 – 20, 2014 | Typhoon | 165 km/h (105 mph) | 935 hPa (27.61 inHg) | Philippines, China, Vietnam | $7.13 billion | 195 | [77][78][79] |
Soudelor | July 29 – August 11, 2015 | Typhoon | 215 km/h (130 mph) | 900 hPa (26.58 inHg) | Mariana Islands, Japan, Taiwan, China | $3.72 billion | 40 | [80] |
Mujigae | September 30 – October 5, 2015 | Typhoon | 155 km/h (100 mph) | 950 hPa (28.05 inHg) | Philippines, China | $4.13 billion | 29 | [80] |
Koppu | October 12 – 21, 2015 | Typhoon | 185 km/h (115 mph) | 925 hPa (27.32 inHg) | Philippines | $236 million | 58 | [80] |
Melor | December 9 – 17, 2015 | Typhoon | 175 km/h (110 mph) | 935 hPa (27.61 inHg) | Philippines | $136 million | 42 | [80] |
13 Names | References:[nb 1][nb 3][nb 4][nb 5][nb 6] | $33.6 billion | 9,349 |
See also
- List of retired Atlantic hurricane names
- List of retired Pacific hurricane names
- List of retired Philippine typhoon names
- List of retired Australian cyclone names
- List of retired South Pacific tropical cyclone names
Notes
- ^ a b c Reference for the retired names between 1947 and 2010.[14]
- ^ The name Vamei was retired because it was the first tropical cyclone recorded near the equator.[14]
- ^ a b Reference for dates, season, wind speeds and pressure between 2000 and 2023 [66]
- ^ a b Reference for the retired names between 2000 and 2015.[11]
- ^ a b Reference for the retired names between 2000 and 2015.[67]
- ^ a b Reference for the retired names between 1947 and 2013.[6]
References
- ^ Smith, Ray (1990). "What's in a Name?" (PDF). Weather and Climate. 10 (1). The Meteorological Society of New Zealand: 24–26. Retrieved August 25, 2014.
- ^ Landsea, Christopher W; Dorst, Neal M (June 1, 2014). "Subject: Tropical Cyclone Names: B1) How are tropical cyclones named?". Tropical Cyclone Frequently Asked Question. United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Hurricane Research Division. Archived from the original on June 7, 2014. Retrieved August 25, 2014.
{{cite book}}
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- ^ Reuters (June 1, 1969). "It's time (June) to match for Anna...". The Daily Gleaner. Kingston, Jamaica. p. 2.
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- ^ a b Landsea, Christopher W; Dorst, Neal M (June 20, 2014). "Subject: B3) What storm names have been retired?". Tropical Cyclone Frequently Asked Questions:. United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved September 4, 2015.
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{{cite report}}
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External links
- China Meteorological Agency
- Digital Typhoon
- Hong Kong Observatory
- Japan Meteorological Agency
- Joint Typhoon Warning Center
- Korea Meteorological Administration
- Malaysian Meteorological Department
- National Weather Service Guam
- Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration
- Taiwan Central Weather Bureau
- TCWC Jakarta
- Thai Meteorological Department
- Typhoon2000
- Vietnam's National Hydro-Meteorological Service