List of state leaders in 1649

This is a list of heads of state, heads of governments, and other rulers in the year 1649.

Africa

• Kingdom of Dahomey – Houegbadja (1645–1685)
• Ethiopian Empire – Fasilides (1632–1667)
• Emirate of Harar – `Ali ibn Da`ud (1647–1671)

Asia

• China
  • Qing dynasty – Shunzhi Emperor (1644–1661)
  • Southern Ming –
    • Prince of Lu (1645–1653)
    • Prince of Gui (1646–1662)
• Empire of Japan –
  • Monarch – Go-Kōmyō (1643–1654)
  • Tokugawa shogunate – Tokugawa Iemitsu (1623–1651)
  • Ryukyu Kingdom – Shō Shitsu (1648–1668)
• Joseon (Korea) –
  1. Injo (1623–1649)
  2. Hyojong (1649–1659)
• Mughal Empire – Shah Jahan (1627–1658).

Europe

• Kingdom of Denmark–Norway – Frederick III (1648–1670)
• Kingdom of England
  1. Charles I (1625–1649),
  2. Oliver Cromwell - Lord Protector (1649–1658), Rump Parliament (1649–1653)
• Kingdom of France – Louis XIV (1643–1715)
• Holy Roman Empire – Ferdinand III (1637–1657)
  • Duchy of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel – Augustus (1635–1666)
• Moldavia – Vasile Lupu, Voivode of Moldavia (1634–1653).
• Ottoman (Turkish) Empire – Mehmed IV, the Hunter, Ottoman Sultan (1648–1687)
• Papal States – Pope Innocent X (1644–1655).
• Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth – Jan II Kazimierz Vasa (1648–1668)
• Kingdom of Portugal and the Algarves – John IV (1640–1656)
• Republic of Venice – Francesco Molino, Doge of Venice (1646–1655).
• Tsardom of Russia – Alexis (1645–1676)
• Duchy of Savoy – Charles Emmanuel II (1638–1675)
• Kingdom of Scotland – Charles I (1625–1649)
• Kingdom of Spain – Philip IV (1621–1665)
• Kingdom of Sweden – Christina (1632–1654)
• Grand Duchy of Tuscany – Ferdinando II de' Medici (1621–1670)
• United Provinces
  • Estates of Friesland, Groningen, Guelders, Holland, Overijssel, Utrecht, Zeeland (1581–1795)
  • Stadtholder - William II, Prince of Orange, Stadtholder of Guelders, Holland, Overijssel, Utrecht, Zeeland (1647–1650)
    • Willem Frederik, Stadtholder of Friesland and Groningen(1640–1664).
    • Holland – Grand Pensionary Jacob Cats (1629–1631, 1636–1651)
• Wallachia – Matei Basarab, Voivode of Wallachia (1632–1654).