List of supernova candidates
Appearance
This is a list of supernova candidates, or stars that astronomers have suggested are supernova progenitors. Type II supernova progenitors include stars with at least 10 solar masses that are in the final stages of their evolution. (Prominent examples of stars in this mass range include Antares, Spica,[1] Gamma Velorum,[2] Mu Cephei, and members of the Quintuplet Cluster.[3]) Type Ia supernova progenitors are white dwarf stars that are close to the Chandrasekhar limit of about 1.44 solar masses and are accreting matter from a binary companion star. The list includes massive Wolf–Rayet stars, which may become Type Ib/Ic supernovae.
Identifier | Epoch J2000 | Constellation | Distance (light years) |
Spectral class |
Notes | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
R. A. | Dec. | |||||
IK Pegasi | 21h 26m 26.7s | +19° 22′ 32″ | Pegasus | 150 | A8m:/DA | [4][5] |
Alpha Lupi | 14h 41m 56s | –47° 23′ 17″ | Lupus | 550 | B1.5 | [6] |
Antares | 16h 29m 24s | –26° 25′ 55″ | Scorpius | 600 | M1.5Iab-b | [7] |
Betelgeuse | 05h 55m 10.3s | +07° 24′ 25″ | Orion | 640 | M2Iab | [1][8] |
Gamma2 Velorum | 08h 09m 32.0s | −47° 20′ 12″ | Vela | 800 | WC8 | [9] |
Rigel | 05h 14m 32.3s | –08° 12′ 06″ | Orion | 860 | B8Ia | [10] |
Pi Puppis | 7h 17m 08s | –37° 05′ 51″ | Puppis | 1,100 | K3 Ib | |
119 Tauri | 05h 32m 12.8s | +18° 35′ 40″ | Taurus | 1,700 | M2Iab-Ib | |
RS Ophiuchi | 17h 50m 13.2s | –06° 42′ 28″ | Ophiuchus | 1,950–5,200 | M2III/D | [11][12] |
T Coronae Borealis | 15h 59m 30.2s | +25° 55′ 13″ | Corona Borealis | 2,000 | M3III/D | [13] |
Mu Cephei | 21h 43m 30.5s | +58° 46′ 48″ | Cepheus | 2400 | M2Ia | [14] |
T Pyxidis | 09h 04m 41.5s | −32° 22′ 48″ | Pyxis | 3,260 | [15][16] | |
WR 142 | 20h 21m 44.3s | +37° 32′ 31″ | Cygnus | 4,000 | WO2 | |
VY Canis Majoris | 07h 22m 58.3s | −25° 46′ 03″ | Canis Major | 4,900 | M5eIa | [8][17] |
NML Cygni | 20h 46m 25.6s | +40° 06′ 59.4″ | Cygnus | 5,300 | M6I | [18] |
P Cygni | 20h 17m 47.2s | +38° 01′ 59″ | Cygnus | 6,000 | B1Ia+ | |
Eta Carinae | 10h 45m 03.6s | −59° 41′ 04″ | Carina | 7,000–8,000 | LBV | [19][20] |
HD 168625 | 18h 21m 19.5s | −16° 22′ 26″ | Sagittarius | 7,200 | B6Ia | [21] |
WR 104 | 18h 02m 04.1s | –23° 37′ 41″ | Sagittarius | 8,000 | WC9d/OB | [22][23] |
IRC+10420 | 19h 26m 48.1s | +11° 21′ 17″ | Aquila | 10,000–23,000 | F8Ia+ | [24][25] |
Rho Cassiopeiae | 23h 54m 23.0s | +57° 29′ 58″ | Cassiopeia | 12,000 | G2Ia0e | [26] |
Wray 17-96 | 17h 41m 35s | –30° 06′ 39″ | Scorpius | 15,000 | B3 | |
Sher 25 | 11h 15m 07.8s | −61° 15′ 17″ | Carina | ~20,000 | B1.5Iab | [27] |
HD 179821 | 19h 13m 58.6s | +00° 07′ 32″ | Aquila | 20,000 | G5Ia | [28][29] |
V445 Puppis | 07h 37m 56.9s | –25° 56′ 59″ | Puppis | 27,000 | [30] | |
U Scorpii | 16h 22m 30.7s | –17° 52′ 42″ | Scorpius | 39,000 | [31] | |
KPD 1930+2752 | 19h 32m 14.9s | +27° 58′ 35″ | Cygnus | sdB/D | [nb 1][32][33] |
Notes
- ^ The Kitt Peak Downes star.
References
- ^ a b Supernova Remnants and Neutron Stars, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 2005-08-02, retrieved 2006-06-08
- ^ Kaler, James B., "Regor", Stars, University of Illinois, retrieved 2007-01-08
- ^ Lloyd, Robin (2006-09-04), Strange Space Pinwheels Spotted, space.com, retrieved 2007-01-08
- ^ Samuel, Eugenie (2002-05-23), Supernova poised to go off near Earth, New Scientist, retrieved 2007-01-12
- ^ Tzekova, S. Y.; et al. (2004), IK Pegasi (HR 8210), ESO, retrieved 2007-01-12
{{citation}}
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(help) - ^ "Big and Giant Stars: Alpha Lupi". Jumk.de. Retrieved 2013-01-03.
- ^ "What will happen when Antares explodes?". Disassociated.com. 2009-01-13. Retrieved 2013-01-03.
- ^ a b Smith, Nathan; Hinkle, Kenneth H.; Ryde, Nils (March 2009). "Red Supergiants as Potential Type IIn Supernova Progenitors: Spatially Resolved 4.6 μm CO Emission Around VY CMa and Betelgeuse". The Astrophysical Journal. 137 (3): 3558–3573. arXiv:0811.3037. Bibcode:2009AJ....137.3558S. doi:10.1088/0004-6256/137/3/3558.
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: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Beech, Martin (December 2011), "The past, present and future supernova threat to Earth's biosphere", Astrophysics and Space Science, 336 (2): 287–302, Bibcode:2011Ap&SS.336..287B, doi:10.1007/s10509-011-0873-9
- ^ Moravveji, Ehsan; Guinan, Edward F.; Shultz, Matt; Williamson, Michael H.; Moya, Andres (March 2012), "Asteroseismology of the nearby SN-II Progenitor: Rigel. Part I. The MOST High-precision Photometry and Radial Velocity Monitoring", The Astrophysical Journal, 747 (1): 108–115, arXiv:1201.0843, Bibcode:2012ApJ...747..108M, doi:10.1088/0004-637X/747/2/108
- ^ Than, Ker (2006-07-19), Mystery of Explosive Star Solved, space.com, retrieved 2007-01-08
- ^ Staff (2006-07-25), Astronomers See Future Supernova Developing, SpaceDaily, retrieved 2006-12-01
- ^ "Recurrent Novae as a Progenitor System of Type Ia Supernovae. I. RS Ophiuchi Subclass: Systems with a Red Giant Companion - Abstract - The Astrophysical Journal - IOPscience". Iopscience.iop.org. 2008-12-19. Retrieved 2013-01-03.
- ^ Lloyd, Robin (2006-09-04). "Strange Space Pinwheels Spotted". space.com. Retrieved 2007-01-08.
- ^ Schaefer, Bradley E.; Pagnotta, Ashley; Shara, Michael M. (January 2010). "The Nova Shell and Evolution of the Recurrent Nova T Pyxidis". The Astrophysical Journal. 708: 381–402. arXiv:0906.0933. Bibcode:2010ApJ...708..381S. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/708/1/381.
{{cite journal}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Edwards, Lin (2010). "Massive white dwarf in our galaxy may go supernova". PhysOrg. Retrieved 2010-02-26.
- ^ Weaver, D.; Humphreys, R. (2007-01-08). "Astronomers Map a Hypergiant Star's Massive Outbursts". HubbleSite NewsCenter. Retrieved 2007-01-16.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Attention: This template ({{cite doi}}) is deprecated. To cite the publication identified by doi:10.1086/382218, please use {{cite journal}} (if it was published in a bona fide academic journal, otherwise {{cite report}} with
|doi=10.1086/382218
instead. - ^ van Boekel, R.; Schöller, M.; Herbst, T. (2003-11-18). "Biggest Star in Our Galaxy Sits within a Rugby-Ball Shaped Cocoon". European Organisation for Astronomical Research in the Southern Hemisphere (ESO). Retrieved 2007-01-08.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Milan, Wil (2000-03-07). "Possible Hypernova Could Affect Earth". space.com. Retrieved 2007-01-06.
- ^ Smith, Nathan (March 2007). "Discovery of a Nearby Twin of SN 1987A's Nebula around the Luminous Blue Variable HD 168625: Was Sk -69 202 an LBV?". The Astronomical Journal. 133 (3): 1034–1040. arXiv:astro-ph/0611544. Bibcode:2007AJ....133.1034S. doi:10.1086/510838.
- ^ Tuthill, Peter G.; et al. (March 2008). "The Prototype Colliding-Wind Pinwheel WR 104". The Astrophysical Journal. 675 (1): 698–710. arXiv:0712.2111. Bibcode:2008ApJ...675..698T. doi:10.1086/527286.
{{cite journal}}
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(help) - ^ Kaler, Jim (1999-04-09). "WR 104: Pinwheel Star". Astronomy Picture of the Day. Retrieved 2007-01-08.
- ^ Jones, Terry Jay; et al. (July 1993). "IRC +10420 - A cool hypergiant near the top of the H-R diagram". Astrophysical Journal, Part 1. 411 (1): 323–335. Bibcode:1993ApJ...411..323J. doi:10.1086/172832.
{{cite journal}}
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(help) - ^ Than, Ker (2004-10-04). "Astronomers Demonstrate a Global Internet Telescope". University of Manchester. Retrieved 2007-01-08.
- ^ Staff (2003-01-31). "The William Herschel telescope finds the best candidate for a supernova explosion". Particle Physics and Astronomy Research Council. Retrieved 2007-01-05.
- ^ Smartt, S. J.; Lennon, D. J.; Kudritzki, R. P.; Rosales, F.; Ryans, R. S. I.; Wright, N. (September 2002). "The evolutionary status of Sher 25 - implications for blue supergiants and the progenitor of SN 1987A". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 391 (3): 979–991. arXiv:astro-ph/0205242. Bibcode:2002A&A...391..979S. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20020829.
{{cite journal}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Jura, M.; Velusamy, T.; Werner, M. W. (2001-06-05). "What next for the Likely Pre-Supernova, HD 179821?". American Astronomical Society. Retrieved 2007-01-08.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Josselin, E.; Lèbre, A. (2001). "Probing the post-AGB nature of HD 179821". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 367 (3): 826–830. Bibcode:2001A&A...367..826J. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20000496.
{{cite journal}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Woudt, P. A.; et al. (November 2009). "The Expanding Bipolar Shell of the Helium Nova V445 Puppis". The Astrophysical Journal. 706 (1): 738–746. arXiv:0910.1069. Bibcode:2009ApJ...706..738W. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/706/1/738.
{{cite journal}}
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(help) - ^ Thoroughgood, T. D.; Dhillon, V. S.; Littlefair, S. P.; Marsh, T. R.; Smith, D. A. (2002). "The recurrent nova U Scorpii -- A type Ia supernova progenitor". The Physics of Cataclysmic Variables and Related Objects. Vol. 261. San Francisco, CA: Astronomical Society of the Pacific. Bibcode:2002ASPC..261...77T. Retrieved 2009-01-24.
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suggested) (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Maxted, P. F. L.; Marsh, T. R.; North, R. C. (September 2000). "KPD 1930+2752: a candidate Type Ia supernova progenitor". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 317 (3): L41–L44. arXiv:astro-ph/0007257. Bibcode:2000MNRAS.317L..41M. doi:10.1046/j.1365-8711.2000.03856.x.
{{cite journal}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link) - ^ Kanipe, Jeff (2000-08-05). "Skywatch—Watch This Space!". space.com. Retrieved 2007-01-06.