Marmot

For other uses, see Marmot (disambiguation).

Marmot Temporal range: Late Miocene - Recent
Yellow-bellied Marmot in Yosemite National Park
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Mammalia
Order:	Rodentia
Family:	Sciuridae
Subfamily:	Xerinae
Tribe:	Marmotini
Genus:	Marmota Blumenbach, 1779
Species
Marmota baibacina Marmota bobak Marmota broweri Marmota caligata Marmota camtschatica Marmota caudata Marmota flaviventris Marmota himalayana Marmota marmota Marmota menzbieri Marmota monax Marmota olympus Marmota sibirica Marmota vancouverensis

Marmots are members of the genus Marmota, in the rodent family Sciuridae (squirrels).

Marmots are generally large ground squirrels. Those most often referred to as marmots tend to live in mountainous areas such as the Alps, northern Apennines, Carpathians, Tatra, and Pyrenees in Europe, the Rockies, the Black Hills and the Sierra Nevada in the United States, Northern Canada and Ladakh in India. However, the groundhog is also properly called a marmot, while the similarly-sized but more social prairie dog is not classified in the genus Marmota but in the related genus Cynomys.

Marmots typically live in burrows, and hibernate there through the winter. Most marmots are highly social, and use loud whistles to communicate with one another, especially when alarmed.

The name marmot comes from French marmotte, from Old French marmotan, marmontaine, from Old Franco-Provençal, from Low Latin mures montani "mountain mouse", from Latin mures monti, from Classical Latin mures alpini "Alps mouse".

Marmots mainly eat greens. They eat many types of grasses, berries, lichens, mosses, roots and flowers.

Species

The following is a list of all Marmota species recognized by Thorington and Hoffman (2005). They divide marmots into two subgenera.

• Genus Marmota - marmots
  • Subgenus Marmota
    • Alpine Marmot Marmota marmota found only in Europe in the Alps, northern Apennines in Italy, Carpathians, Tatra, and reintroduced in the Pyrenees.
    • Gray Marmot or Altai Marmot Marmota baibacina Siberia
    • Bobak Marmot Marmota bobak Central Europe to Central Asia
    • Alaska Marmot, Brower's Marmot or Brooks Range Marmot Marmota broweri Alaska
    • Black-capped Marmot Marmota camtschatica Eastern Siberia
    • Long-tailed Marmot, Golden Marmot or Red Marmot Marmota caudata Central Asia
    • Himalayan Marmot or Tibetan Snow Pig Marmota himalayana Himalaya
    • Menzbier's Marmot Marmota menzbieri Central Asia
    • Woodchuck, Groundhog, or Whistlepig Marmota monax North America
    • Tarbagan Marmot, Mongolian Marmot or Tarvaga Marmota sibirica, Siberia
  • Subgenus Petromarmota
    • Hoary Marmot Marmota caligata Northwestern North America
    • Yellow-bellied Marmot Marmota flaviventris South western Canada, Western United States
    • Olympic Marmot Marmota olympus Olympic Peninsula, Washington, USA
    • Vancouver Island Marmot Marmota vancouverensis Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada
    • Yellow Bellied Marmot in Spokane, Washington

Examples of species

• 
  A Yellow-bellied Marmot near Princeton, British Columbia
• 
  Groundhog, Marmota monax
• 
  A Hoary Marmot in Mt. Rainier National Park
• 
  Alpine Marmot in the Massif des Écrins, southern France.
• 
  Drawing of Bobak Marmot
• 
  Olympic Marmot
• 
  Black Hills Marmot in Burrow
• 
  Black Hills Marmots standing on Burrow
• Video of adult marmot whistling in Gothic, Colorado, USA

References

• Conesa, J., Heffner, R. S. and Heffner, H. E. (1991). Hearing in large rodents: Groundhogs Marmota monax. Poster/abstract presented at the 14th midwinter meeting of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology (ARO).
• Conesa, J., Koay, G. and Heffner, R. S. (1992). Sound localization in a large rodent, Marmota monax. Abstract in the 15th midwinter meeting of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology (ARO).
• Thorington, R. W. Jr. and R. S. Hoffman. 2005. Family Sciuridae. Pp. 754-818 in Mammal Species of the World a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. D. E. Wilson and D. M. Reeder eds. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore.

External links

• The Marmot Burrow
• International Marmot Network