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Melusine von der Schulenburg, Duchess of Kendal

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Melusine von der Schulenburg
Born(1667-12-25)25 December 1667
Emden, Magdeburg
Died10 May 1743(1743-05-10) (aged 75)
TitleDuchess of Kendal and Munster
ChildrenLuise Sophie von der Schulenburg
Melusina von der Schulenburg
Margarethe Gertrud von Oeynhausen
Parent(s)Gustavus Adolphus Baron von der Schulenberg
Petronelle Oddie de Schwenken

Ehrengard Melusine von der Schulenburg, Duchess of Kendal, Duchess of Munster (25 December 1667 – 10 May 1743) was a long-time mistress to King George I of Great Britain.

Early life

She was born at Emden in the Duchy of Magdeburg. Her father was Gustavus Adolphus, Baron von der Schulenburg,[1] Privy Councillor to the Elector of Brandenburg, by his wife Petronelle Oddie de Schwenken and a sister to Federic Achatius, Count von der Schulenburg and Hehlen.[2] Her brother was Marshal Johann Matthias von der Schulenburg, and the early feminist Dorothea von Velen was her first cousin. Her middle name was probably given in reference to the Melusine legends.

Royal mistress

When a Maid of Honour to the Electress Sophia of Hanover, she became a mistress of the Electoral Prince, George Louis. George Louis succeeded as Elector of Hanover in 1698 and King of Great Britain (as George I) in 1714.

Melusine moved with him to England, and on 18 July 1716 was created for life Duchess of Munster, Marchioness of Dungannon, Countess of Dungannon and Baroness Dundalk, in the Peerage of Ireland. On 19 March 1719 she was further created Duchess of Kendal, Countess of Feversham and Baroness Glastonbury, in the Peerage of Great Britain.[3] In 1723, Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor, created her Princess of Eberstein. This last creation in particular tended to support the theory that she had married the King in secret.[4] Robert Walpole said of her that she was "as much the queen of England as anyone was"[5] (George's wife Sophia had been kept in imprisonment since their divorce in 1694).

The Duchess of Kendal was a very thin woman, being known in Germany as "the Scarecrow" and in England as "the Maypole". The Jacobites referred to her as "the Goose," most famously in the taunting Scots ballad Cam Ye O'er Frae France. When in England, she lived principally at Kendal House in Isleworth, Middlesex.[6] She obtained large sums of money by selling public offices and titles; she also sold patent rights, including the privilege of supplying Ireland with a new copper coinage. This she sold to William Wood, a Wolverhampton merchant, who flooded the country with inferior coins, leading Jonathan Swift to write his Drapier's Letters. In political matters she had much influence with the king, and she received £10,000 for procuring the recall of Viscount Bolingbroke from exile.[7]

She bore him three illegitimate children:[8][9]

Luise Sophie and Petronilla Melusina were officially acknowledged as the children of Melusine's sister Gertrud (1659–1697) and her husband Friedrich Achaz von der Schulenburg (1647–1701), who was a kinsman of the sisters and thus shared the same surname. Margarethe Gertrud was officially named von Oeynhausen because she was recognised as the daughter of Melusine's other sister, Sophia Juliane von Oeynhausen (1668–1755).[10]

Later life and death

Arms of the Duchess of Kendal and Munster

After George's death, she kept a raven she believed to be the dead king.[11] She died, unmarried (unless George I had wedded her), on 10 May 1743.

See also

References

  1. ^ Lundy, Darryl. "p. 10507". The Peerage. {{cite web}}: External link in |publisher= (help)[unreliable source] Retrieved 3 August 2010
  2. ^ marquis de Ruvigny, Melville Henry Massue (2000). The Nobilities of Europe. The Nobilities of Europe: Adamant Media Corporation. p. 380. ISBN 1402185618.
  3. ^ "Mistress of George I and his questionable mouthpiece". HISTORICAL FIGURES FOUNDATION.
  4. ^ "Enter the Hanoverians". 2 May 2010. Retrieved 17 March 2012.
  5. ^ "The Monarch and the Maypole".
  6. ^ "the Duchess of Kendal".
  7. ^ Public Domain One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Kendall, Dukedom of". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 15 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 727.
  8. ^ "Enter the Hanoverians". 2 May 2010. Retrieved 17 March 2012.
  9. ^ "Children and descendants of George I, King of Great Britain".
  10. ^ Kilburn, Matthew (2004; online edition January 2008) "Schulenburg, (Ehrengard) Melusine von der, suo jure duchess of Kendal and suo jure duchess of Munster (1667–1743)", Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/24834 (subscription or UK public library membership required)
  11. ^ Deary, Terry. Cruel Kings and Mean Queens. London: Scholastic, 1995. p. 42.
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