Memory (Cats song)

"Memory", often incorrectly called "Memories", is a show tune from the 1981 musical Cats. It is sung by the character Grizabella, a one-time glamour cat who is now only a shell of her former self. The song is a nostalgic remembrance of her glorious past and a declaration of her wish to start a new life. Sung briefly in the first act and in full near the end of the show, "Memory" is the climax of the musical, and by far its most popular and well-known song. Its writers Andrew Lloyd Webber and Trevor Nunn received the 1981 Ivor Novello award for Best Song Musically and Lyrically.

Conception and composition

The lyric, written by Cats director Trevor Nunn, was based on T. S. Eliot's poems "Preludes" and "Rhapsody on a Windy Night". Andrew Lloyd Webber's former writing partner Tim Rice and contemporary collaborator Don Black submitted a lyric to the show's producers for consideration, although Nunn's version was favoured. Elaine Paige has said that she sang a different lyric to the tune of "Memory" for the first ten previews of Cats.

Composer Lloyd Webber feared that the tune sounded too similar to Ravel's Bolero and to a work by Puccini, and also that the opening – the haunting main theme – closely resembled the flute solo (improvised by Bud Shank in the studio) from The Mamas & the Papas' 1965 song "California Dreamin'". He asked his father's opinion; according to Lloyd Webber, his father responded "It sounds like a million dollars!"

Prior to its inclusion in Cats, the tune was earmarked for earlier Lloyd Webber projects, including a ballad for Perón in Evita and as a song for Max in his original 1970s draft of Sunset Boulevard.

In its original orchestration, the song's climax is in the key of D-flat major, the composer's favourite.

The arrangement of the lyrics in the show were changed after the initial recordings of the track, with the first verse, beginning "Midnight, not a sound from the pavement..." being used in only the brief, Act I rendition of the song and a new verse, "Memory, turn your face to the moonlight...'" in its place for the Act II performance. In addition, the original second bridge section became the first and a new second bridge was added. Consequently, the arrangement of the lyric for a recording usually depends on whether the artist has played the role on stage.

Cover versions

"Memory" has been covered by numerous musical acts:

• Elaine Paige, who originated the role of Grizabella in the West End production of Cats, released a version of the song that was a Top 10 hit in the UK, peaking at No. 6 on the UK Singles Chart in July 1981. This version was re-recorded in 1998 with a slight lyrical alteration, which was included in the video release of the musical. This version made No. 36 in the UK in October of that year. Paige also recorded a version for her 1983 album Stages.
• Barbra Streisand recorded "Memory" for her 1981 album Memories. When released as a single, Streisand's cover reached No. 52 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart and No. 9 on the Billboard adult contemporary chart in 1982. In the UK this version peaked at No. 34 the same year.
• Barry Manilow released a cover of "Memory" as a single in late 1982; this became the highest-charting version to date on the Billboard Hot 100 when it reached No. 39 in January 1983. Manilow's recording also made the Top 10 on the Billboard adult contemporary chart, reaching No. 8. This version is included on his album Here Comes the Night.
• The Shadows did an instrumental version in 1983 (it is featured on their albums XXV & Moonlight Shadows).
• Johnny Mathis
• Shirley Bassey recorded "Memory" for the B-side of her European single "That's Right" in 1984. In 1993 she re-recorded "Memory" for her Sings the Songs of Andrew Lloyd Webber album.
• Mireille Mathieu recorded the song in French titled "Nos Souvenirs" (Our Memories).
• Richard Anthony recorded the song in French in 1982 titled "Minuit" (Midnight).
• Sarah Brightman (who recorded an Italian version of the song, "Piano")
• Betty Buckley (who was the first to play Grizabella on Broadway)
• Celine Dion
• Petula Clark
• Sam Hui
• José Carreras
• Paloma San Basilio recorded her own version in Spanish titled "Recuerdos".
• Rocío Banquells recorded a Spanish version in 1990.
• Jason Castro in the seventh season of American Idol
• Sandra Criado in the sixth season of Spain's Operación Triunfo.
• Kim Criswell on the album Aspects of Andrew Lloyd Webber Volume 1.
• Kikki Danielsson (with lyrics in Swedish by Olle Bergman as "Minnet") on her 1982 album Kikki.
• Barbara Dickson in 1985
• Maria Friedman in 1992
• Lesley Garrett on her 2015 album Centre Stage: The Musicals Album.
• Frances Yip
• Howard Keel on his album And I Love You So.
• Stephanie Lawrence, who later played Grizabella in London, in 1988.
• Julian Lloyd Webber on the 2001 album Lloyd Webber Plays Lloyd Webber.
• Menage, a Hi-NRG disco group (1983).
• Simone Simons from the Dutch symphonic metal band Epica (although in the song they just play piano).
• Marti Webb, who played Grizabella in London and on two UK tours, on her 1989 album Performance.
• Jacinta Whyte
• Susan Boyle as a finalist in the third series of Britain's Got Talent, performing live on Britain's ITV network; later, when Boyle became an overnight sensation, the selection was planned to be on her debut album I Dreamed a Dream but was not recorded (it is planned for a later release).
• Dianne Pilkington played the role in the recent UK national tour (2006–07).
• Helena Blackman and Simona Armstrong in a sing-off on How Do You Solve a Problem like Maria?.
• Anne Stalman and Sabina Petra in a sing-off on the Dutch TV show Op Zoek naar Evita.
• Rachel Tucker and Samantha Barks in a sing-off on I'd Do Anything.
• Afnan Iftikhar and Dirk Johnson in a sing-off on Superstar.
• Chrissie Hammond played Grizabella and closed the show in London in 2002 and played Grizabella on 2 UK national tours (2003–04 & 2007–08).
• Shirley Jones on her 2008 studio album Then & Now.
• Lama El-Homaissi in 2009.
• John Barrowman on his 2010 studio album John Barrowman.
• Michael Ball on his 1996 studio album The Musicals.
• Delia Hannah who played the role of Grizabella in 2010.
• Lea Salonga who played the role of Grizabella in the Manila production of Cats.
• Lena Park sang a live version for Music TV in Korea in 2009.
• Karita Mattila performed the song frequently early in her career and recorded it on her album Wonderful (1995).
• Frank Patterson on his album Frank Patterson's Broadway.
• Hayley Westenra
• Jackie Evancho
• Bonnie Langford, who performed in the London cast of Cats in the early 1980s as Rumpleteazer, on her 2000 album Now.
• Rose Jang for her 2010 Songs of Hope digital album.
• Big Daddy on 1991 Cutting Their Own Groove.
• Laine MacNeil as Patty Farrell, sang the song during the talent show in Diary of a Wimpy Kid: Rodrick Rules.
• Kimberley Walsh for her 2013 album Centre Stage
• Amanda Harrison for the 2013 album I Dreamed a Dream: The Hits of Broadway.
• Ewa Malas-Godlewska for the album Sentiments (2006 and 2010 editions) with the Polish Radio Orchestra.
• Ayahi Takagaki on her single Next Destination (2013).
• Wing on her 2006 album Wing Sings All Your Favourites.
• Chris Colfer and June Squibb sang a duet version in episode 19 of the fifth season of Glee, "Old Dog, New Tricks" (written by Colfer).
• Nicole Scherzinger who played Grizabella in the revival of Cats in London (2013-2014).

External links

• Rhapsody on a Windy Night and
• Preludes the T. S. Eliot poems that inspired the lyrics to "Memory"
• Memories 1981 Album Barbra Streisand Archives Memories album page

• Template:MetroLyrics song