Mike Singleton

Mike Singleton
Mike Singleton in San Diego, California in 2005
Born	21 February 1951
Died	10 October 2012 (aged 61) Switzerland
Cause of death	Cancer
Occupation	Computer programmer
Employer(s)	Cheshire Education Authority Postern Software PetSoft Beyond Software Melbourne House Rainbird Software Simon & Schuster Interactive Mirage Software Microprose
Known for	The Lords of Midnight Doomdark's Revenge Midwinter

Mike Singleton (21 February 1951 – 10 October 2012) was a British video game designer who wrote various well-regarded titles for the ZX Spectrum during the 1980s. His titles include The Lords of Midnight, Doomdark's Revenge, Dark Sceptre, War in Middle Earth and Midwinter. Before developing video games, Singleton was an English teacher in Ellesmere Port, Cheshire, England.

Early work

Singleton originally started programming in the late 1970s, and writing Computer Race, a horse racing game he designed for a betting shop on the Commodore PET. Moving on from this, he began working on arcade games for the Pet, working with PetSoft, where he wrote Space Ace entirely in 6502 machine code. The game broke sales records of the day by selling three hundred copies.

Singleton's association with PetSoft turned out to be short-lived, as PetSoft, who had been due to enter into a contract with Sinclair Research in Cambridge to write software for the new ZX80, lost out on the deal to Psion. Singleton contacted British inventor and entrepreneur Clive Sinclair and was asked to send his games along. He was then asked to visit the site in Cambridge, and invited to work on software for their brand new ZX81 micro.

Singleton used this as the platform for his GamesPack1 project. GamesPack1 was a series of games, each fitting into just 1 kilobyte of memory. It was one of the first commercial software programs written for the ZX81, and something of a runaway success, selling a massive 90,000 copies, earning Singleton £6,000 for his efforts, having taken him just two weeks over the Christmas holidays to complete.

Golden age of the home microcomputer

Whilst the arcade game writing business was making him a living, Singleton, who retired from teaching completely in 1982 to become a full-time freelance games designer, was always an old school war gamer at heart, hooked from an early age on war board games and play-by-mail (PBM) strategy gaming, working for a time on Seventh Empire, a PBM game he put together for Computer and Video Games magazine (C&VG), which eventually led to Beyond Software when C&VG editor Terry Pratt moved to run Beyond.

In March 1984, Singleton's spy-themed board game, Treachery, which had its complicated game logic controlled by a computer program, was featured in C&VG, with a type-in listing for the Spectrum, together with a keyboard overlay (a common feature of his games), centre-spread board and a set of counters. The game was so popular among the readers that the editor asked for conversions for the Commodore 64 and BBC Micro to be produced, and each of them featured in C&VG's 1985 yearbook.

It was from Beyond that Singleton, who remained freelance, was by September 1983 being pressed for more programs, and having progressed to the Sinclair ZX Spectrum, he wrote what are widely regarded as some of the best strategy adventure games ever to be seen on those early home microcomputers, the Midnight series: Lords of Midnight (released in July 1984) and Doomdark's Revenge, which were originally intended to form the first two episodes in a trilogy of which, the final episode, Eye of the Moon, never came about. Each of the two games played out on a scale never seen before back in the mid-eighties, at a time when many games were boasting 50 or even 100 locations, Lords of Midnight's groundbreaking gameplay featured over 4,000 locations, and Doomdark's Revenge, 6,000, plus well in excess of 100 player controllable characters. Had Eye of the Moon come to fruition, it was to have had around 24,000 locations, in a map featuring twelve distinct regions, each with a local sub-quest completely separate from the main objective of the game.

Moving on from the Midnight series, Singleton worked on several games of a more arcade-like nature, the first of which, Throne of Fire, a side viewed live action game, featured a multiplayer option where each player used the same computer to explore simultaneously, each trying to complete a set of objectives which lead to the overall completion of the game. Dark Sceptre, released later the same year, was also in essence a sideways viewed live action game, but returned to a more adventure-like feel, with a long, drawn out challenge awaiting the player who would need to build up their forces to consolidate their position before seizing on the opportunity to actually complete the game.

Two years later, War in Middle-earth, whilst essentially an adventure game on a similar scale to the Midnight series, represented a switch from the adventure to an action philosophy, requiring the player to interact with the characters under their control directly, moving them individually in each of the battles, giving the game much more of an arcade/adventure feel.

Later work

In the late 1980s, Singleton moved onto the 16-bit machines that were making an appearance, and worked on the classic Midwinter trilogy, also producing another work in the Lords of Midnight series in 1995, Lords of Midnight: The Citadel.

In the 21st century, Singleton continued working in games design, making him one of a few developers to have made the transition to more modern consoles from the early days of home computing. Singleton worked for Midas Interactive and LucasArts on several games for the Xbox and PlayStation consoles, such as the action games HyperSonic Xtreme and Indiana Jones and the Emperor's Tomb. Singleton worked on the strategy game Wrath Unleashed, with his latest productions being Gauntlet: Seven Sorrows, a continuation of the 80s arcade classic Gauntlet series of games, and Race Driver: Grid, a racing game developed by Codemasters. At the time of his death, Singleton was working on an iPhone port of Lords of Midnight.

List of games

8-bit titles

Title	Distributor	Year	Platform
Space Ace	PetSoft	1981	PET
GamesPack1	Sinclair Research Ltd	1981	ZX81
Shadowfax	Postern	1982	BBC, C64/VIC-20, Spectrum
Siege	Postern	1983	C64/VIC-20, Spectrum
Snake Pit	Postern	1983	C64/Pet/VIC-20, Spectrum
3-Deep Space	Postern	1983	C64/VIC-20, Spectrum
The Lords of Midnight	Beyond Software	1984	Amstrad, C64, Spectrum
Doomdark's Revenge	Beyond	1985	Amstrad, C64, Spectrum
Quake Minus One	Beyond Software	1985	C64
Throne of Fire	Melbourne House	1986	Spectrum
Dark Sceptre	Beyond Software	1986	Spectrum
War in Middle Earth	Melbourne House	1988	Spectrum
Star Trek: The Rebel Universe	Firebird Software	1988	C64

16-bit titles

Title	Distributor	Year	Platform
Star Trek: The Rebel Universe	Simon & Schuster Interactive	1987	Atari ST, PC
Space Cutter	Melbourne House	1987	Amiga
War in Middle Earth	Melbourne House	1988	Atari ST, Amiga, PC
Whirligig	Firebird Software	1988	Atari ST, Amiga
Midwinter	Rainbird Software	1989	Atari ST, Amiga, PC
Flames of Freedom	MicroProse	1990	Atari ST, Amiga, PC
Grimblood	Virgin Interactive	1990	Atari ST, Amiga
Ashes of Empire/Fallen Empire	Mirage	1991	Atari ST, Amiga, PC
Starlord	MicroProse	1993	Atari ST, Amiga, PC
Lords of Midnight: The Citadel	Domark	1995	PC
The Ring Cycle	Psygnosis	1995	PC

Console titles

Title	Distributor	Year	Platform
HSX: HyperSonic Xtreme	Midas Interactive Entertainment	2002	PlayStation
Indiana Jones and the Emperor's Tomb	LucasArts	2003	Mac, PC, PS2, Xbox
Wrath Unleashed	LucasArts	2004	PS2, Xbox
Gauntlet: Seven Sorrows	Midway Home Entertainment	2005	PS2, Xbox
Race Driver: Grid	Codemasters	2008	PC, PS3, Xbox 360

External links

• Icemark.com Wiki page on Singleton
• Midnight/MU – A browser-based multiplayer game based on The Lords of Midnight/Doomdarks Revenge