Mismatch repair cancer syndrome
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Mismatch repair cancer syndrome (MMRCS) is a cancer syndrome associated with biallelic DNA mismatch repair mutations.[1] It is also known as Turcot syndrome (after Jacques Turcot, who described the condition in 1959) and by several other names.[1]
In MMRCS, neoplasia typically occurs in both the gut and the central nervous system (CNS).[1] In the large intestine, familial adenomatous polyposis occurs; in the CNS, brain tumors.
Genetics
Under the name constitutional mismatch repair-deficiency, (CMMR-D), it has been mapped to MLH1, MSH2, MSH6 or PMS2.[2] Although these are the same genes mutated in the condition known as Lynch syndrome or hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer, the mutations are biallelic in CMMR-D.[3]
The term "childhood cancer syndrome" has also been proposed.[4][5]
Café-au-lait macules have been observed.[6]
Synonyms
- Brain tumor-polyposis syndrome
- Glioma-polyposis syndrome
- OMIM currently includes "Turcot syndrome" under Mismatch repair cancer syndrome. Turcot syndrome is the association between familial polyposis of the colon and brain tumors[7] like medulloblastoma, malignant glioma. It was first reported by Canadian surgeon Jacques Turcot (1914-1977 ) et al. in 1959 and hence carries the first author's name.[8]
See also
- Gardner syndrome is an association of hereditary intestinal polyps, osteomas (typically of the skull), papillary thyroid cancer, and desmoid tumors.
References
- ^ a b c Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM): 276300
- ^ Kratz CP, Holter S, Etzler J, Lauten M, Pollett A, Niemeyer CM, Gallinger S, Wimmer K (June 2009). "Rhabdomyosarcoma in patients with constitutional mismatch-repair-deficiency syndrome". Journal of Medical Genetics. 46 (6): 418–20. doi:10.1136/jmg.2008.064212. PMID 19293170.
- ^ Wimmer K, Etzler J (September 2008). "Constitutional mismatch repair-deficiency syndrome: have we so far seen only the tip of an iceberg?". Human Genetics. 124 (2): 105–22. doi:10.1007/s00439-008-0542-4. PMID 18709565.
- ^ Krüger S, Kinzel M, Walldorf C, Gottschling S, Bier A, Tinschert S, von Stackelberg A, Henn W, Görgens H, Boue S, Kölble K, Büttner R, Schackert HK (January 2008). "Homozygous PMS2 germline mutations in two families with early-onset haematological malignancy, brain tumours, HNPCC-associated tumours, and signs of neurofibromatosis type 1". European Journal of Human Genetics. 16 (1): 62–72. doi:10.1038/sj.ejhg.5201923. PMID 17851451.
- ^ Tan TY, Orme LM, Lynch E, Croxford MA, Dow C, Dewan PA, Lipton L (March 2008). "Biallelic PMS2 mutations and a distinctive childhood cancer syndrome". Journal of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology. 30 (3): 254–7. doi:10.1097/MPH.0b013e318161aa20. PMID 18376293.
- ^ Jackson CC, Holter S, Pollett A, Clendenning M, Chou S, Senter L, Ramphal R, Gallinger S, Boycott K (June 2008). "Café-au-lait macules and pediatric malignancy caused by biallelic mutations in the DNA mismatch repair (MMR) gene PMS2". Pediatric Blood & Cancer. 50 (6): 1268–70. doi:10.1002/pbc.21514. PMID 18273873.
- ^ "Turcot syndrome" at Dorland's Medical Dictionary
- ^ Turcot J, Despres JP, St Pierre F (1959). "Malignant tumors of the central nervous system associated with familial polyposis of the colon: report of two cases". Diseases of the Colon and Rectum. 2: 465–8. PMID 13839882.