Omeisaurus
| Omeisaurus Temporal range: Middle Jurassic
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| Skull of Omeisaurus tianfuensis Beijing Museum of Natural History. | |
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| Genus: | Omeisaurus Young, 1939
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Omeisaurus (meaning "Omei lizard") is a genus of sauropod dinosaur from the Middle Jurassic Period (Bathonian-Callovian stage) of what is now China. Its name comes from Mount Emei, where it was discovered in the lower Shaximiao Formation of Sichuan Province.
Like other sauropods, Omeisaurus was herbivorous and large. It measured 10 to 15.2 metres (30 to 50 ft) long, 4 metres (12 ft) high and weighed 4 tons. It had the typical bulky body and long neck of other dinosaurs in its suborder. Unlike many sauropods, however, its nostrils were located close to the end of its nose. The back of the Omeisaurus was higher at its hips than at its shoulders.
Not only did Omeisaurus have a long neck, it also had several more neck vertebrae than average sauropods (17). The vertebrae themselves were also longer and bigger. Large herds of Omeisaurus probably roamed the late Jurassic countryside, alongside such late Jurassic stegosaurids as Tuojiangosaurus and Chungkingosaurus. Omeisaurus was probably the most common late Jurassic sauropod in China.
Omeisaurus was first described in 1939. It was named after the sacred mountain Omeshian, which is were the first fossil example of Omeisaurus was found. Most skeletons of Omeisaurus were found in the 1970s and 1980s, during the great “Chinese Dinosaur rush”. There have been six species of Omeisaurus named so far: O. junghsiensis, O. changshouensis, O. fuxiensis, O. tianfuensis, O. luoquanensis, and O. maoianus. All of these but the last were named after the locations where they were found. O. fuxiensis was the smallest species, measuring around 35 feet (11 m) long. O. tianfuensis had the longest neck of the genus, around 30 feet (9.1 m) long. The only dinosaur with a longer neck was Mamenchisaurus. A club tail fossil discovered in the same bone bed as the Omeisaurus fossils was thought to belong to this genus, but is now believed to belong to a large specimen of Shunosaurus.
Mounted skeletons of Omeisaurus are on display at the Zigong Dinosaur Museum in Zigong, Sichuan Province and at Beipei Museum, near Chongqing, both in China.
Classification
It was once classified as a member of the Cetiosauridae family, which had long been a wastebasket taxon. The species O. fuxiensis is sometimes confused with Zigongosaurus, but the two are based on different material despite having the same species name.
Omeisaurus is presently counted as a member of the Omeisauridae, Mamenchisauridae, or Euhelopodidae. The general linkage of the genus with Mamenchisaurus et al. is the basic theme of including it in the omeisaurid or mamenchisaurid families. However, Omeisaurus is similar to many non-mamenchisaurid Chinese eusauropods classified as euhelopodids.
References
- ^ JIANG Shan, LI Fei, PENG Guang-Zhao, & YE Yong (2011). A NEW SPECIES OF OMEISAURUS FROM THE MIDDLE JURASSIC OF ZIGONG, SICHUAN. Vertebrata Palasiatica 49(2): 185-194. http://www.ivpp.cas.cn/cbw/gjzdwxb/xbwzxz/201105/P020110530509590205314.pdf
- Dong Zhiming (1988). Dinosaurs from China. China Ocean Press, Beijing & British Museum (Natural History). ISBN 0-565-01073-5.
- Britt, Carpenter et al. (2002). Encyclopedia of Dinosaurs.. Publications international, Ltd., Lincolnwood Illinois.. ISBN 0-7853-5561-8
- The Middle Jurassic dinosaur fauna from Dashanpu, Zigong, Sichuan. Volume 4. Sauropod dinosaurs (2). Omeisaurus tianfuensis. He, X., Li, K. and Cai, Sichuan Publishing House of Science and Technology, Chengdu ; 1-143 (1988).
- The dinosaurian remains from Sichuan Basin, China. Dong, Z., Zhou, S. and Zhang, Y. PALAEONTOLOGIA SINICA SERIES C (No. 23) i-iii; 1-145 (1983).
- On a new Sauropoda, with notes on other fragmentary reptiles from Szechuan. Young, C. BULL. GEOL. SOC. CHINA 19; 279-315 (1939).
- New sauropods from China. [in English; Chinese sum]. Young, C. VERT. PALASIATICA 2; 1-28 (1958).
External links
- Omeisaurus in The Dinosaur Encyclopaedia at Dino Russ's Lair.
