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Paracanoe

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Paracanoe is canoeing for athletes with a range of physical disabilities. The sport is governed by the International Canoe Federation (ICF).[1]

Paracanoe will debut at the Summer Paralympics to be held in Rio de Janeiro in 2016 where single kayak races will be contested.[2][3][4] A meeting of the International Paralympic Committee in Guangzhou, China in 2010 decided to add paracanoe to the roster of the Summer Paralympic Games.[5]

Equipment

The two main types of paracanoe boat are kayaks (K), with a double-blade paddle, and outrigger canoes called va'as (V) where the paddler has a second hull as a support float and uses a single blade paddle with a T-top handle.

Competitor classification

Paralympic classification of mobility impairments has since been restructured as of April 2015; in kayak competition (K1), governed by the ICF, there are three different classes for both men and women:

  • KL1 (formerly A; Arms) This grouping is for paddlers who have no trunk function (i.e. shoulder function only). A KL1 class paddler is able to apply force predominantly using the arms and/or shoulders.
  • KL2 (formerly TA; Trunk and Arms): paddlers who have good use of the trunk and arms, but limited use of their legs. They are unable to apply continuous and controlled force to the footboard or seat to propel the boat.
  • KL3 (formerly LTA; Legs, Trunk and Arms): this class is for paddlers with a disability who have good use of their legs, trunk and arms for paddling, and who can apply force to the foot board or the seat to propel the boat.[6][7]

Non-Paralympic competitions including va'a events use the same system of classification (V1 VL1, V1 VL2, V1 VL3).

In other va'a competitions, governed by the International Va'a Federation, a points system is used with a higher number assigned to less impaired paddlers and lower points for more severe impairment.

In team events the total number of points of a boat crew are limited; 26 points in 6-person boats and 52 for 12-person boats. In single-seat boats competition take place in three divisions; division 1 for 5 or 6-point paddlers, division 2 for 4-point paddlers and division 3 is for 2 or 3-point paddlers. 1-point paddlers do not participate in singles races.[8]: 1  The three divisions approximately correspond to the three ICF classes.[9] At World Championships only single seat Va'a are used and the paddlers are classified according to the ICF system.

Competition format

Paracanoe is contested at World Championships, World Cups and continental championships; paddlers compete in kayaks (K1, K2) and in va’a outrigger canoes (V1, V2), both men and women, plus mixed pairs events are becoming more numerous.

Paracanoe World Championships will not, from 2016, occur in Paralympic years. The sport makes its Paralympic debut at Rio 2016; only single kayak races will feature in the 2016 race programme, both for men and women.

Currently all international paracanoe competitions are 200 m sprints.

World Championships

2009 (Exhibition event)

The 2009 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships were held on 12–16 August 2009 in Dartmouth, Nova Scotia, Canada on Lake Banook. Looking onto potential inclusion in the Paralympic Games, four 'paddability' races featured as non-medal exhibition events including two male-female mixed disciplines in kayak doubles and in doubles canoe ('aka' Canadian or kneeling canoeing).

Event First Time Second Time Third Time
Men's K-1 200 m LTA[10]  Ciro Ardito (ITA) 54.762  Sebastiao Valdir Dos Santos Abreu (BRA) 56.270  Robert Brown (USA) 57.786
Women's K-1 200 m LTA[11]  Christine Gauthier (CAN) 1:08.594  Giovanna Chiriu (ITA) 1:09.278  Severine Amiot (FRA) 1:09.898
Mixed K-2 200 m TA/A[12]  Anna Pani
Andreas Biagi (ITA)		 1:05.233  Rebecca Lloyd
Mark Dunford (USA)		 1:20.235  Christine Selinger
Christopher Pearson (CAN)		 1:38.217
Mixed C-2 200 m LTA/TA[13]  Tami Hetke
Augusto Perez (USA)		 1:04.070  Jose de Oliveiras Rodrigues
Carlos Roberto Tavares da Conceicao (BRA)		 1:04.401  Benedetto Nucatola
Sandra Truccolo (ITA)		 1:10.113

2010

The 2010 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships were held on 19–22 August 2010 in Poznań, Poland; paracanoe featured on the competition programme.

Event Gold Time Silver Time Bronze Time
Men's K-1 200 m A[14]  Fernando Fernandes Padua (BRA) 56.151  Antonio De Diego (ESP) 1:06.215  Jono Broome (GBR) 1:07.179
Men's K-1 200 m LTA[15]  Iulian Serban (ROU) 44.176  Martin Farineaux (FRA) 44.448  Andrea Testa (ITA) 45.440
Men's K-1 200 m TA[16]  Markus Mendy Swoboda (AUT) 44.617  Paolo Bressi (ITA) 53.437  Henry Manni (FIN) 56.281
Men's V-1 200 m LTA, TA, A[17]  Patrick Viriamu (TAH) 54.918  Gerhard Bowitzky (GER) 57.046  George Thomas (NZL) 1:00.918
Women's K-1 200 m LTA[18]  Christine Gauthier (CAN) 53.190  Marta Santos Ferreira (BRA) 1:04.334  Giovanna Chiriu (ITA) 1:04.346
Women's K-1 200 m TA[19]  Marta Santos Ferreira (BRA) 1:02.942  Christine Selinger (CAN) 1:04.534  Séverine Amiot (FRA) 1:06.090
Women's V-1 200 m LTA, TA, A[20]  Christine Selinger (CAN) 1:12.096  Tami Hetke (USA) 1:12.520  Lorella Bellato (ITA) 1:20.444

2011

The 2011 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships were held on 17–21 August 2011 in Szeged, Hungary; paracanoe featured on the competition programme.

Event Gold Time Silver Time Bronze Time
Men's K–1 200 m A[21]  Fernando Fernandes de Padua (BRA) 54.340  Alexey Malyshev (RUS) 1:02.620  Antonio de Diego Álvarez (ESP) 1:05.140
Men's K–1 200 m TA[22]  Markus Mendy Swoboda (AUT) 44.055  Tomasz Mozdzierski (POL) 51.087  Bence Pál (HUN) 53.721
Men's K–1 200 m LTA[23]  Iulian Şerban (ROU) 43.294  Andrea Testa (ITA) 45.166  Mateusz Surwilo (POL) 45.898
Men's V–1 200 m TA[24]  Sándor Szabó (HUN) 1:02.958  Robert Balk (USA) 1:02.988  Daniel Hopwood (GBR) 1:08.778
Men's V–1 200 m LTA[25]  Patrick Mahoney (GBR) 57.648  George Thomas (GBR) 58.392  Gerhard Bowitzky (GER) 59.358
Women's K–1 200 m TA[26]  Marta Santos Ferreira (BRA) 1:04.139  Christine Selinger (CAN) 1:06.053  Anna Pani (ITA) 1:08.723
Women's K–1 200 m LTA[27]  Christine Gauthier (CAN) 56.425  Silvia Elvira Lopez (ESP) 1:05.743  Marta Santos Ferreira (BRA) 1:06.571
Women's V–1 200 m LTA[28]  Christine Selinger (CAN) 1:11.882  Brit Gottschalk (GER) 1:13.490  Tami Hetke (USA) 1:14.660

2012

The 2012 ICF Paracanoe World Championships were held on 16–17 May 2012 in Poznań, Poland; a single standing event as, where it was an Olympic year (London 2012) no ICF Canoe Sprint World Championship was held, plus paracanoe was not yet part of the Paralympic programme until 2016.[29]

Event Gold Time Silver Time Bronze Time
Men's K–1 200 m A[30]  Fernando Fernandes de Pádua (BRA) 53.550  Jakub Tokarzn (POL) 58.882  Alexey Malyshev (RUS) 1:01.250
Men's K–1 200 m TA[31]  Markus Mendy Swoboda (AUT) 44.614  Tomasz Mozdzerski (RUS) 49.938  Janos Bencze (HUN) 52.934
Men's K–1 200 m LTA[32]  Serban Iulian (ROU) 43.259  Surwilo Mateusz (POL) 44.299  Andrea Testa (ITA) 44.695
Men's V–1 200 m A[33]  Daniel Hopwood (GBR) 1:13.143  Luis Cardoso (BRA) 1:18.267  Jakob Tokarz (POL) 1:28.731
Men's V–1 200 m TA[34]  Nicholas Heald (GBR) 59.024  Ronan Bernard (FRA) 1:01.500  Dave Waters (CAN) 1:02.432
Men's V–1 200 m LTA[35]  Gerhard Browitzky (GER) 54.749  Patrick Viriamu (TAH) 55.469  Patrick Mahoney (GBR) 59.593
Women's K–1 200 m A[36]  Jeanette Chippington (GBR) 1:05.684  Marie Brtova (CZE) 1:07.112  Kara Kennedy (AUS) 1:12.024
Women's K–1 200 m TA[37]  Jeanette Chippington (GBR) 1:04.693  Maria Dos Santos (BRA) 1:05.489  Christine Selinger (CAN) 1:09.921
Women's K–1 200 m LTA[38]  Christine Gautier (CAN) 57.775  Silvia Elvira Lopez (ESP) 1:01.191  Mihaela Lulea (ROU) 1:03.071
Women's V–1 200 m A/TA*[39]  Jeanette Chippington (GBR) 1:08.655  Christine Selinger (CAN) 1:15.419  Kara Kennedy (AUS) 1:29.711
Women's V–1 200 m LTA[40]  Jeanette Chippington (GBR) 1:08.028  Anja Pierce (USA) 1:10.828  Christine Selinger (CAN) 1:14.236
  • Combined categories such as the 2012 Women's V1 A/TA have since been dissolved from the World Championship programme.

2013

The 2013 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships were held 29 August–1 September 2013 in Duisburg, Germany; paracanoe featured on the competition programme.

Event Gold Time Silver Time Bronze Time
Men's K–1 200 m A[41]  Fernando Fernandes de Pádua (BRA) 51.330  Ian Marsden (GBR) 51.920  Christian Mathes (GER) 53.021
Men's K–1 200 m TA[42]  Markus Mendy Swoboda (AUT) 40.790  Victor Potanin (RUS) 43.205  Pier Alberto Buccoliero (ITA) 45.892
Men's K–1 200 m LTA[43]  Tom Kierey (GER) 38.891  Iulian Serban (ROU) 39.505  Yuriy Kikhayev (UKR) 39.840
Men's V–1 200 m A[44]  Oleksandr Hrechko (UKR) 1:01.610  Jakub Tokarz (POL) 1:03.813  Daniel Hopwood (GBR) 1:11.275
Men's V–1 200 m TA[45]  Javier Reja (ESP) 56.111  Nicholas Heald (GBR) 56.719  Tomasz Mozdzierski (POL) 56.754
Men's V–1 200 m LTA[46]  Caio Ribeiro de Carvalho (BRA) 50.613  Patrick Viriamu (TAH) 51.713  Miroslaw Rosinski (POL) 52.561
Women's K–1 200 m A[47]  Jeanette Chippington (GBR) 59.808  Svitlana Kupriianova (UKR) 1:03.305  Alexandra Dupik (RUS) 1:06.423
Women's K–1 200 m TA[48]  Emma Wiggs (GBR) 56.892  Megan Blunk (USA) 57.507  Nataliia Lagutenko (UKR) 1:04.271
Women's K–1 200 m LTA[49]  Christine Gauthier (CAN) 54.317  Anne Dickins (GBR) 54.889  Cindy Moreau (FRA) 54.977
Women's V–1 200 m A[50]  Jeanette Chippington (GBR) 1:05.628  Kara Kennedy (AUS) 1:17.466  Anne Yoshida (USA) 1:31.382
Women's V–1 200 m TA[51]  Jeanette Chippington (GBR) 1:03.243  Megan Blunk (USA) 1:10.838  Tamara Oliveira da Silva (BRA) 1:11.469
Women's V–1 200 m LTA[52]  Andrea Green (GBR) 59.967  Christine Gauthier (CAN) 1:01.878  Anya Pierce (USA) 1:03.898

2014

The 2014 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships were held 6–8 August 2014 in Moscow, Russia; paracanoe featured on the competition programme.

Event Gold Time Silver Time Bronze Time
Men's K–1 200 m A[53]  András Rozbora (HUN) 49.375  Ian Marsden (GBR) 49.866  Igor Korobeynikov (RUS) 50.095
Men's K–1 200 m TA[54]  Markus Mendy Swoboda (AUT) 40.928  Fernando Rufino de Paulo (BRA) 41.872  Victor Potanin (RUS) 42.906
Men's K–1 200 m LTA[55]  Yuriy Kikhayev (UKR) 39.208  Iulian Serban (ROU) 39.467  Leonid Krylov (RUS) 39.962
Men's V–1 200 m A[56]  Luis Carlos Cardoso da Silva (BRA) 54.944  Oleksandr Hrechko (UKR) 57.481  Róbert Suba (HUN) 59.136
Men's V–1 200 m TA[57]  Curtis McGrath (AUS) 48.596  Johnathan Young (GBR) 49.613  Victor Potanin (POL) 52.356
Men's V–1 200 m LTA[58]  Pier Alberto Buccoliero (ITA) 50.368  Martin Tweedie (GBR) 51.369  Aleksei Egorov (POL) 51.806
Women's K–1 200 m A[59]  Jeanette Chippington (GBR) 55.213  Svitlana Kupriianova (UKR) 59.292  Alexandra Dupik (RUS) 59.856
Women's K–1 200 m TA[60]  Emma Wiggs (GBR) 53.128  Christine Gauthier (CAN) 53.505  Nataliia Lagutenko (UKR) 55.235
Women's K–1 200 m LTA[61]  Anne Dickins (GBR) 49.700  Cindy Moreau (FRA) 49.813  Amanda Reynolds (AUS) 51.247
Women's V–1 200 m A[62]  Jeanette Chippington (GBR) 1:00.016  Kara Kennedy (AUS) 1:06.718  Zoia Ovsii (UKR) 1:31.382
Women's V–1 200 m TA[63]  Emma Wiggs (GBR) 1:00.358  Christine Gauthier (CAN) 1:02.565  Natalia Lagutenko (UKR) 1:03.666
Women's V–1 200 m LTA[64]  Andrea Green (GBR) 57.948  Larisa Volik (RUS) 1:00.749  Christine Gauthier (CAN) 1:01.908

2015

The 2015 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships were held from the 19–23 August 2015 in Milan, Italy; paracanoe featured on the competition programme. The event was also a qualifier for the 2016 Summer Paralympics.[65]

Event Gold Silver Bronze
Men's K–1 200 m KL1 [66]  Luis Cardoso da Silva (BRA) 50.863  Jakub Tokarz (POL) 52.533  Fernando Fernandes de Padua (BRA) 52.970
Men's K–1 200 m KL2 [67]  Markus Swoboda (AUT) 42.542  Curtis McGrath (AUS) 43.185  Fernando Rufino de Paulo (BRA) 43.415
Men's K–1 200 m KL3 [68]  Tom Kierey (GER) 39.270  Robert Oliver (GBR) 39.739  Leonid Krylov (RUS) 39.784
Men's V–1 200 m VL1 [69]  Luis Cardoso da Silva (BRA) 57.912  Jakub Tokarz (POL) 58.639  Robert Suba (HUN) 1:02.919
Men's V–1 200 m VL2 [70]  Curtis McGrath (AUS) 49.489  Javier Reja (ESP) 52.205  Ivo Kilian (GER) 53.985
Men's V–1 200 m VL3 [71]  Caio Ribeiro de Carvalho (BRA) 50.656  Jonathan Young (GBR) 51.058  Daniel Geri (HUN) 52.311
Women's K–1 200 m KL1 [72]  Jeanette Chippington (GBR) 56.865  Edina Müller (GER) 57.513  Svitlana Kupriianova (UKR) 59.365
Women's K–1 200 m KL2 [73]  Emma Wiggs (GBR) 53.023  Nicola Paterson (GBR) 54.521  Susan Seipel (AUS) 55.616
Women's K–1 200 m KL3 [74]  Amanda Reynolds (AUS) 50.501  Anne Dickins (GBR) 50.521  Cindy Moreau (FRA) 50.951
Women's V–1 200 m VL1 [75]  Katarzyna Leskiewicz (POL) 1:15.299  Ann Yoshida (USA) 1:18.539 none awarded
Women's V–1 200 m VL2 [76]  Susan Seipel (AUS) 59.916  Nadezda Andreeva (RUS) 1:04.289  Débora Benivides (BRA) 1:05.536
Women's V–1 200 m VL3 [77]  Anja Pierce (USA) 1:02.536  Frances Bateman (GBR) 1:03.208  Aline Souza Lopes (BRA) 1:05.432

References

  1. ^ "Canoe | IPC". Paralympic.org. Retrieved 2014-02-02.
  2. ^ "BBC Sport - Disability Sports - Canoeing and triathlon added to 2016 Paralympic Games". BBC News. 2010-12-11. Retrieved 2014-02-02.
  3. ^ "Canoe | IPC". Paralympic.org. Retrieved 2014-02-02.
  4. ^ "Para-Canoeing added to roster for 2016 Paralympic Games in Rio". Paddling Life. Retrieved 2014-02-02.
  5. ^ "Paratriathlon and canoeing for 2016 - Paralympics news - London 2012 | MSN Sport UK". Sport.uk.msn.com. 2010-12-16. Retrieved 2014-02-02.
  6. ^ http://www.paralympics.org.nz/canoe.htm Definitions on New Zealand Paralympics
  7. ^ http://canoe.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/AC-Paracanoe-direction-2014-2016.pdf
  8. ^ "AP Rules and Classification System" (PDF). International Va'a Federation. 2009-10-01. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  9. ^ "Paracanoe Leaflet" (PDF). International Canoe Federation. Retrieved 2014-07-11.
  10. ^ "2010 C-2 200 m LTA/TA Mixed Finals results". Canoe'09.ca organising committee. 16 August 2009. Retrieved 16 August 2009.
  11. ^ "2010 C-2 200 m LTA/TA Mixed Finals results". Canoe'09.ca organising committee. 16 August 2009. Retrieved 15 August 2009.
  12. ^ "2010 K-2 200 m TA/A Mixed Final results". Canoe'09.ca organising committee. 16 August 2009. Retrieved 16 August 2009.
  13. ^ "2010 C-2 200 m LTA/TA Mixed Finals results". Canoe'09.ca organising committee. 16 August 2009. Retrieved 16 August 2009.
  14. ^ 2010 Men's K-1 200 m A Final results. – Retrieved 20 August 2010.
  15. ^ 2010 Men's K-1 200 m LTA results. – Retrieved 20 August 2010.
  16. ^ 2010 Men's K-1 200 m TA final results. – Retrieved 20 August 2010.
  17. ^ 2010 Men's V-1 200 m LTA, TA, A final results. – Retrieved 20 August 2010.
  18. ^ 2010 Women's K-1 LTA final results. – Retrieved 20 August 2010.
  19. ^ 2010 Women's K-1 TA final results. – Retrieved 20 August 2010.
  20. ^ 2010 Women's V-1 200 m LTA, TA, A final results. – Retrieved 21 August 2010.
  21. ^ "2011 Results – K1 Men 200m (Paracanoe-A) Final A". Sportline Ltd. 18 August 2011. Retrieved 22 August 2011.
  22. ^ "2011 Results – K1 Men 200m (Paracanoe-TA) Final A". Sportline Ltd. 18 August 2011. Retrieved 22 August 2011.
  23. ^ "2011 Results – K1 Men 200m (Paracanoe-LTA) Final A". Sportline Ltd. 18 August 2011. Retrieved 22 August 2011.
  24. ^ "2011 Results – V1 Men 200m (Paracanoe-TA) Final A". Sportline Ltd. 18 August 2011. Retrieved 22 August 2011.
  25. ^ "2011 Results – V1 Men 200m (Paracanoe-LTA) Final A". Sportline Ltd. 18 August 2011. Retrieved 22 August 2011.
  26. ^ "2011 Results – K1 Women 200m (Paracanoe-TA) Final A". Sportline Ltd. 18 August 2011. Retrieved 22 August 2011.
  27. ^ "2011 Results – K1 Women 200m (Paracanoe-LTA) Final A". Sportline Ltd. 18 August 2011. Retrieved 22 August 2011.
  28. ^ "2011 Results – V1 Women 200m (Paracanoe-LTA) Final A". Sportline Ltd. 18 August 2011. Retrieved 22 August 2011.
  29. ^ http://www.kayakpl.com/2012/PARACANOE/index.htm
  30. ^ 2012 Men's K–1 200 m A Results
  31. ^ 2012 Men's K–1 200 m TA Results
  32. ^ 2012 Men's K–1 200 m LTA Results
  33. ^ 2012 Men's V–1 200 m A Results
  34. ^ 2012 Men's V–1 200 m TA Results
  35. ^ 2012 Men's V–1 200 m LTA Results
  36. ^ 2012 Women's K–1 200 m A Results
  37. ^ 2012 Women's K–1 200 m TA Results
  38. ^ 2012 Women's K–1 200 m LTA Results
  39. ^ 2012 Women's V–1 200 m A/TA Results
  40. ^ 2012 Women's V–1 200 m LTA Results
  41. ^ 2013 Men's K–1 200 m A Results
  42. ^ 2013 Men's K–1 200 m TA Results
  43. ^ 2013 Men's K–1 200 m LTA Results
  44. ^ 2013 Men's V–1 200 m A Results
  45. ^ 2013 Men's V-1 200 m TA Results
  46. ^ 2013 Men's V-1 200 m LTA Results
  47. ^ 2013 Women's K–1 200 m A Results
  48. ^ 2013 Women's K–1 200 m TA Results
  49. ^ 2013 Women's K–1 200 m LTA Results
  50. ^ 2013 Women's V–1 200 m A Results
  51. ^ 2013 Women's V–1 200 m TA Results
  52. ^ 2013 Women's V–1 200 m LTA Results
  53. ^ 2014 Men's K–1 200 m A Results
  54. ^ 2014 Men's K–1 200 m TA Results
  55. ^ 2014 Men's K–1 200 m LTA Results
  56. ^ 2014 Men's V–1 200 m A Results
  57. ^ 2014 Men's V-1 200 m TA Results
  58. ^ 2014 Men's V-1 200 m LTA Results
  59. ^ 2014 Women's K–1 200 m A Results
  60. ^ 2014 Women's K–1 200 m TA Results
  61. ^ 2014 Women's K–1 200 m LTA Results
  62. ^ 2014 Women's V–1 200 m A Results
  63. ^ 2014 Women's V–1 200 m TA Results
  64. ^ 2014 Women's V–1 200 m LTA Results
  65. ^ "Results" (PDF).
  66. ^ Men's K-1 200 m KL1 Results
  67. ^ Men's K-1 200 m KL2 Results
  68. ^ Men's K–1 200 m KL3 Results
  69. ^ Men's V-1 200 m VL1 Results
  70. ^ Men's V-1 200 m VL2 Results
  71. ^ Men's V-1 200 m VL3 Results
  72. ^ Women's K–1 200 m KL1 Results
  73. ^ Women's K-1 200 m KL2 Results
  74. ^ Women's K-1 200 m KL3 Results
  75. ^ Women's V-1 200 m VL1 Results
  76. ^ Women's V-1 200 m VL1 Results
  77. ^ Women's V-1 200 m VL3 Results
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