Penicillaria jocosatrix
| Mango shoot borer | |
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| Species: | P. jocosatrix
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| Binomial name | |
| Penicillaria jocosatrix Guenée, 1852
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Penicillaria jocosatrix, the mango shoot borer, is a moth of the family Noctuidae first described by Achille Guenée in 1852. It is found from southeast Asia to the Pacific. Records include Borneo, Guam, Hawaii, India, Sri Lanka, Thailand and in Australia, Western Australia, the Northern Territory and Queensland.[1]
Description
The wingspan is about 20–30 mm. It is dark purplish red brown. Forewings with traces of sub-basal line, an indistinct antemedial line angled on median nervure and a postmedial line angled beyond cell with chocolate below the angle. It joint by a chocolate patch from costa inside the indistinct sub-marginal angled white line. There is a pale streak and slight fold from centre of cell to outer margin. Hindwings white, with dark cell spot. Outer are purplish brown. Underside with prominent black cell spot.[2]
Eggs are pale blue green. Larva green with sub-lateral dark stria. Somites with small purple spots and a sub-dorsal series of larger spots. There are few hairs arise from spiracles. Larva completes five instars to become a pupa. Pupa dark brown, much round with no distinguishing lumps or lobes.[3]
Ecology
The larvae feed on Mangifera indica, Anacardium occidentale, Schinus molle, Terminalia belerica and Terminalia carolinensis. The larvae are translucent mauve, with greenish sides and tail, and are covered sparsely in red dots. It has a light brown head. It is considered an agricultural pest.[4]
Attack and control
Fruits, inflorescences and leaves are attacked by the caterpillars. It is a minor pest[5] attacking many cultivated crops. Caterpillars harm the plant parts by external feeding, and few borings.[3]
Biological control is the most successful method. Parasitoids like Trichogramma platneri, Aleiodes circumscriptus, Blepharella lateralis and Euplectrus parvulus are used. Chemicals are also used in cultivations.[3]
References
- ^ "Penicillaria jocosatrix Guenée". The Moths of Borneo. Retrieved 8 August 2016.
- ^ Hampson G. F. (1892). "The Fauna Of British India Including Ceylon And Burma Moths Vol-ii". Digital Library of India. p. 558. Retrieved 4 July 2016.[permanent dead link]
- ^ a b c "Mango shoot caterpillar". Plantwise Technical Factsheet. Retrieved 8 August 2016.
- ^ Herbison-Evans, Don; Crossley, Stella (6 March 2018). "Penicillaria jocosatrix Guenée, 1852 Mango Shoot Borer". Australian Caterpillars and their Butterflies and Moths. Retrieved 5 October 2018.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|last-author-amp=ignored (|name-list-style=suggested) (help) - ^ "Penicillaria jocosatrix Guenee". ICAR-National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources. Retrieved 8 August 2016.
External links
- Biological Control of Penicillaria jocosatrix (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on Mango on Guam with Notes on the Biology of Its Parasitoids
- Pestalotiopsis anacardiacearum sp. nov. (Amphisphaeriaceae) has an intricate relationship with Penicillaria jocosatrix the mango tip borer
- IPM (Integrated Pest Management) and Biological Control of Plant Pests
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