Percy Jocelyn

The Bishop of Clogher; caricature by George Cruikshank

Percy Jocelyn (29 November 1764 – 3 September 1843) was Anglican Bishop of Clogher in the Church of Ireland from 1820 to 1822. He was forced from his position due to claims of homosexual practices, which had been outlawed under the Buggery Act 1533.

Early life

The third son of Robert Jocelyn, first Earl of Roden, whose family estates were in Castlewellan, County Down, by his wife Lady Anne Hamilton, he graduated with a BA from Trinity College Dublin. At Trinity, he was regarded as something of a bookworm, spending much of his time in his rooms on Library Square. He was later described as "a tall thin young man with a pale, meagre and melancholy countenance, and so reserved in his manners and recluse in his habits that he was considered by every body to be both proud and unsociable".

He was rector of Tamlaght, archdeacon of Ross (1788–1790), treasurer of Armagh (1790–1809), a prebend of Lismore (1796–1809), and bishop of Ferns and Leighlin (1809–1820) before becoming bishop of Clogher.

Scandal

In 1811, Jocelyn's brother John's coachman, James Byrne, accused him of "taking indecent familiarities" (possibly buggery) and of "using indecent or obscene conversations with him". Byrne was sued for criminal libel by Jocelyn and on conviction was sentenced to two years in gaol and also to public flogging. After he recanted his allegations at the prompting of the bishop's agent, the floggings were stopped.

On 19 July 1822, Percy Jocelyn was caught in a compromising position with a Grenadier Guardsman, John Moverley, in the back room of The White Lion public house, St Albans Place, off The Haymarket, Westminster. He and Moverley were released on bail, provided by the Earl of Roden and others. Jocelyn broke bail and moved to Scotland where he worked as a butler under an assumed name. He was declared deposed in his absence by the Metropolitan Court of Armagh in October 1822 for "the crimes of immorality, incontinence, Sodomitical practices, habits, and propensities, and neglect of his spiritual, judicial, and ministerial duties". A public subscription was raised to raise money for James Byrne, whose 1811 conviction was now recognised as a miscarriage of justice.

Jocelyn was the most senior British churchman to be involved in a public homosexual scandal in the 19th century. It became a subject of satire and popular ribaldry, resulting in more than a dozen illustrated satirical cartoons, pamphlets, and limericks, such as:

The Devil to prove the Church was a farce

Went out to fish for a Bugger.

He baited his hook with a Soldier's arse

And pulled up the Bishop of Clogher.

The scandal was so great, that in the days following, "it was not safe for a bishop to show himself in the streets of London", according to Charles Manners-Sutton, Archbishop of Canterbury at the time. In August 1822, Robert Stewart, Viscount Castlereagh, who was both the Foreign Secretary and Leader of the House of Commons, had an audience with King George IV where he said that he was being blackmailed, and that "I am accused of the same crime as the Bishop of Clogher." He committed suicide shortly afterwards, and was thought to have been in a paranoid state at the time.

Legacy

Reports differ as to where Jocelyn is buried. It has been widely assumed that he died and was buried in Edinburgh under the assumed name Thomas Wilson, with the following inscription (in Latin): "Here lie the remains of a great sinner, saved by grace, whose hopes rest in the atoning sacrifice of the Lord Jesus Christ." However, some years ago the Jocelyn family vault in Kilcoo Parish Church in Bryansford, County Down, Northern Ireland was opened and it was discovered that it contained one more coffin than the number of grave markers indicated, and that the extra coffin was unmarked. This extra coffin may be that of the Bishop of Clogher.

For 178 years after the scandal the Church of Ireland refused to let historians see its papers on the affair. In the 1920s Archbishop D'Arcy of Armagh ordered that they be burned, but this order was not obeyed. The files were released for Matthew Parris's research for his book The Great Unfrocked.

Further reading

• Rictor Norton, "The Bishop of Clogher" The Gay Subculture in Georgian England. 5 April 2010
• Lacey, Brian, 2008, Terrible Queer Creatures: Homosexuality in Irish History, Dublin, Wordwell Books.
• Parris, Matthew (1998). asst. ed. Nick Angel (ed.). The great unfrocked : two thousand years of church scandal. London: Robson Books. ISBN 1-86105-129-8. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameters: |month=, |chapterurl=, and |coauthors= (help)