1998 Portuguese abortion referendum

On 28 June 1998 a referendum on a new abortion law was conducted in Portugal; it was the first national referendum in the Portuguese history. The law was proposed by the Portuguese Communist Party and it decriminalized abortion during the first ten weeks of pregnancy and was considered by the left as the only way to put an end to the estimated 20 to 50 thousand illegal abortions in the country. The law was approved in the Assembly of the Republic through a majority of the center-left and left-wing parties, but an agreement between the Socialist Party and the Social Democratic Party parties leaders led to the referendum.

The referendum was held on a summer day, which is said to have contributed to the fact that the turnout was so low that it didn't pass the threshold of 50 percent of the voters needed to make the decision binding, although the winning answer, NO, was respected and the law wasn't changed, meaning abortion was only allowed in exceptional case (such as rape, mal-formations of the fetus and danger to the women's health). In the following years, a few dozen women (a small minority of the estimated illegal abortions) were defendants in three trials for abortion.

A revote occurred in the Portuguese abortion referendum, 2007, where the result was reversed.

The question present in the ballots was: "Do you agree with the decriminalization of the voluntary interruption of the pregnancy, if it takes place in the first 10 weeks and in an authorized healthcare institution?"

Political positions

The major parties in Portugal at the time listed with their political positioning and their official answer to the referendum question:

• Left
  • Portuguese Communist Party - YES
  • Ecologist Party "The Greens" - YES
  • Socialist Party - NEUTRAL (most of the party said YES, however, important members, including the General-Secretary and Prime-Minister António Guterres said NO)
• Right
  • Social Democratic Party - NEUTRAL
  • People's Party - NO

Opinion polling

All polls published showed an advantage for the YES side, but official results showed a 51% to 49% win for the NO side. Late deciders and a low turnout may explain this result. Note, until 2000, the publication of opinion polls in the last week of the campaign was forbidden.

Last day Polling	Polling Firm	Sample size	Direct Intention of Vote				Valid Vote
			YYes	NNo	Undecided	Lead	YYes	NNo	Lead
19 Jun	Universidade Católica	3,123	—	—	—	—	53.2	46.8	6.4
17 Jun	Metris	1,006	44.4	41.6	13.4	2.8	52.0	48.0	2.0
14 Jun	Moderna	1,441	54.4	35.5	10.1	18.9	61.0	39.0	22.0
9 Jun	SIC/Visão	843	58.1	40.0	1.9	18.1	59.0	41.0	18.0
27 May	Euroexpansão	644	81.0	13.0	6.0	68.0	86.0	14.0	72.0
24 May	Moderna	1,434	55.6	33.1	11.4	22.5	63.0	37.0	26.0
21 May	SIC/Visão	2,007	60.9	36.7	2.5	24.2	62.0	38.0	24.0
20 May	Metris	1,008	46.9	43.9	9.1	3.0	52.0	48.0	4.0
5 May	Universidade Católica	1,293	60.9	30.3	8.8	30.6	67.0	33.0	34.0
1 May	SIC/Visão	709	63.1	35.3	1.6	27.8	64.0	36.0	28.0
8 Apr	Metris	1,998	48.7	41.3	9.9	7.4	54.0	46.0	8.0
1998

Results

Most voted answer per district (Azores and Madeira not shown).

No: 1,356,754 (50.91%)			Yes: 1,308,130 (49.09%)
▲

Portuguese abortion referendum, 1998

Choice	Votes	%
No	1,356,754	50.91
Yes	1,308,130	49.09
Valid votes	2,664,884	98.35
Invalid or blank votes	44,619	1.65
Total votes	2,709,503	100.00
Registered voters/turnout	8,496,089	31.89
Source: Comissão Nacional de Eleições

References

• "CNE Resultados". Comissão Nacional de Eleições. Retrieved 17 May 2005.
• "Centro de Estudos do Pensamento Político". Retrieved 17 May 2005.

See also

• Abortion by country