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Premadasa cabinet

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Premadasa cabinet

11th Cabinet of Sri Lanka
Date formed2 January 1989
Date dissolved1 May 1993
People and organisations
Head of stateRanasinghe Premadasa
Head of governmentRanasinghe Premadasa
Deputy head of governmentD. B. Wijetunga
Member party
Opposition partySri Lanka Freedom Party
Opposition leaderSirimavo Bandaranaike
History
Elections1988, 1989
Legislature terms8th, 9th
PredecessorJayewardene cabinet
SuccessorWijetunga cabinet

The Premadasa cabinet was the central government of Sri Lanka led by President Ranasinghe Premadasa between 1989 and 1993. It was formed in January 1989 after the presidential election and it ended in May 1993 with Premadasa's assassination.

Cabinet members

Name Portrait Party Office Took office Left office Refs
!align="center" style="background:Template:United National Party/meta/color;" rowspan=4| Ranasinghe Premadasa United National Party President 2 January 1989 1 May 1993 [1]
Minister of Defence 1989 [2]
Minister of Buddha Sasana 1989 [2]
Minister of Policy Planning and Implementation 1989 [2]
!align="center" style="background:Template:United National Party/meta/color;" rowspan=5| D. B. Wijetunga United National Party Prime Minister 6 March 1989 28 March 1990 [3]
Prime Minister 30 March 1990 7 May 1993 [3]
Minister of Finance 18 February 1989 [a] [2][4][5][6]
Minister of Labour and Social Welfare 11 January 1990 [5]
Minister of Labour and Vocational Training 14 March 1991 [7]
!align="center" style="background:Template:United National Party/meta/color;" rowspan=3| A. M. S. Adhikari United National Party Minister of Tourism 18 February 1989 28 March 1990 [5]
Minister of Reconstruction, Rehabilitation and Social Welfare 30 March 1990 14 March 1991 [6]
Minister of Posts and Telecommunications 14 March 1991 [6][7]
!align="center" style="background:Template:United National Party/meta/color;" rowspan=2| Alick Aluwihare United National Party Minister of Posts and Telecommunications 18 February 1989 14 March 1991 [5][6][7]
Minister of Ports and Shipping 14 March 1991 [6][7]
!align="center" style="background:Template:United National Party/meta/color;"| Ranjit Atapattu United National Party Minister of Labour and Social Welfare 18 February 1989 5 January 1990 [5]
!align="center" style="background:Template:United National Party/meta/color;" rowspan=2| Lalith Athulathmudali United National Party Minister of Agriculture, Food and Co-operatives 18 February 1989 28 March 1990 [2][5]
Minister of Education and Higher Education 30 March 1990 [6][8]
!align="center" style="background:Template:United National Party/meta/color;"| Gamini Atukorale United National Party Minister of Lands, Irrigation and Mahaweli Development 14 March 1991 [6][7]
!align="center" style="background:Template:United National Party/meta/color;"| R. M. Dharmadasa Banda United National Party Minister of Agriculture Development and Research 30 March 1990 [6][8]
!align="center" style="background:Template:United National Party/meta/color;"| K. D. M. C. Bandara United National Party Minister of Power and Energy 30 March 1990 [6][8]
!align="center" style="background:Template:United National Party/meta/color;"| Sirisena Cooray United National Party Minister of Housing and Construction 18 February 1989 [2][5][6]
!align="center" style="background:Template:United National Party/meta/color;" rowspan=2| P. Dayaratna United National Party Minister of Lands, Irrigation and Mahaweli Development 18 February 1989 14 March 1991 [5][6][8]
Minister of Reconstruction, Rehabilitation and Social Welfare 14 March 1991 [6][7]
!align="center" style="background:Template:United National Party/meta/color;"| Gamini Dissanayake United National Party Minister of Plantation Industries 18 February 1989 1990 [2][5]
!align="center" style="background:Template:United National Party/meta/color;"| Tyronne Fernando United National Party Minister of Information
!align="center" style="background:Template:United National Party/meta/color;" rowspan=2| A. C. S. Hameed United National Party Minister of Higher Education, Science and Technology 18 February 1989 28 March 1990 [2][5]
Minister of Justice 30 March 1990 [6][8]
!align="center" style="background:Template:United National Party/meta/color;"| Harold Herath United National Party Minister of Foreign Affairs 30 March 1990 [6][8]
!align="center" style="background:Template:United National Party/meta/color;"| Renuka Herath United National Party Minister of Health and Women's Affairs 18 February 1989 [5][6]
!align="center" style="background:Template:United National Party/meta/color;" rowspan=2| Rupa Karunathilake United National Party Minister of Ports and Shipping 30 March 1990 14 March 1991 [6][7]
Minister of Plantation Industries 14 March 1991 [6][7]
!align="center" style="background:Template:United National Party/meta/color;" rowspan=2| W. J. M. Lokubandara United National Party Minister of Education, Cultural Affairs and Information 18 February 1989 28 March 1990 [5][8]
Minister of Cultural Affairs and Information 30 March 1990 [6][8]
!align="center" style="background:Template:United National Party/meta/color;"| Weerasinghe Mallimarachchi United National Party Minister of Food and Co-operatives 30 March 1990 [6][8]
!align="center" style="background:Template:United National Party/meta/color;"| Nanda Mathew United National Party Minister of Youth Affairs and Sports 18 February 1989 [5][6][8]
!align="center" style="background:Template:United National Party/meta/color;"| Wijayapala Mendis United National Party Minister of Transport and Highways 18 February 1989 [5][6]
!align="center" style="background:Template:United National Party/meta/color;" rowspan=2| Abdul Razak Munsoor United National Party Minister of Trade and Shipping 18 February 1989 28 March 1990 [2][5]
Minister of Trade and Commerce 30 March 1990 [6]
!align="center" style="background:Template:United National Party/meta/color;" rowspan=2| Festus Perera United National Party Minister of Power and Energy 18 February 1989 28 March 1990 [5]
Minister of Public Administration, Provincial Councils and Home Affairs 30 March 1990 [6][8]
!align="center" style="background:Template:United National Party/meta/color;"| M. Joseph Michael Perera United National Party Minister of Fisheries and Aquatic Research 18 February 1989 [5][6][8]
!align="center" style="background:Template:United National Party/meta/color;" rowspan=2| M. Vincent Perera United National Party Minister of Justice and Parliamentary Affairs 18 February 1989 28 March 1990 [5][8]
Minister of Environment and Parliamentary Affairs 30 March 1990 [6][8]
!align="center" style="background:Template:United National Party/meta/color;"| G. M. Premachandra United National Party Minister of Labour and Vocational Training 30 March 1990 [6]
!align="center" style="background:Template:Ceylon Workers' Congress/meta/color;" rowspan=2| Savumiamoorthy Thondaman Ceylon Workers' Congress Minister of Textiles and Rural Industrial Development 18 February 1989 28 March 1990 [2][5]
Minister of Tourism and Rural Industrial Development 30 March 1990 [6][8]
!align="center" style="background:Template:United National Party/meta/color;"| Wimal Wickramasinghe United National Party Minister of Environment and Parliamentary Affairs 14 March 1991 [7]
!align="center" style="background:Template:United National Party/meta/color;" rowspan=2| Ranil Wickremasinghe United National Party Minister of Industries 18 February 1989 28 March 1990 [2][5]
Minister of Industries, Science and Technology 30 March 1990 [6][8]
!align="center" style="background:Template:United National Party/meta/color;" rowspan=2| U. B. Wijekoon United National Party Minister of Public Administration, Provincial Councils and Home Affairs 18 February 1989 28 March 1990 [5]
Minister of Handlooms and Textile Industries 30 March 1990 [6][8]
!align="center" style="background:Template:United National Party/meta/color;" rowspan=2| Ranjan Wijeratne United National Party Minister of Foreign Affairs 18 February 1989 28 March 1990 [2][5]
Minister of Plantation Industries 30 March 1990 2 March 1991 [6][8]

Non-cabinet ministers

Name Portrait Party Office Took office Left office Refs
!align="center" style="background:Template:United National Party/meta/color;"| M. L. M. Aboosally United National Party Non-Cabinet Minister of Plantation Services 30 March 1990 [9]
!align="center" style="background:Template:United National Party/meta/color;"| John Amaratunga United National Party Non-Cabinet Minister of Provincial Councils 30 March 1990 [9]
!align="center" style="background:Template:United National Party/meta/color;"| Gamini Atukorale United National Party Non-Cabinet Minister of Mahaweli Development 30 March 1990 14 March 1991 [9]
!align="center" style="background:Template:United National Party/meta/color;"| J. P. Wijeratne Banda United National Party Non-Cabinet Minister of Agriculture Production and Marketing 30 March 1990 [9]
!align="center" style="background:Template:United National Party/meta/color;"| Harindra Corea United National Party Non-Cabinet Minister of Telecommunication Development 30 March 1990 [9]
!align="center" style="background:Template:United National Party/meta/color;"| Tyronne Fernando United National Party Non-Cabinet Minister of Legal and Prison Reform 30 March 1990 [9]
!align="center" style="background:Template:United National Party/meta/color;"| Chandra Gankanda United National Party Non-Cabinet Minister of Handloom Industry 30 March 1990 [9]
!align="center" style="background:Template:United National Party/meta/color;"| A. C. S. Hameed United National Party Non-Cabinet Minister of Higher Education 30 March 1990 [9]
!align="center" style="background:Template:United National Party/meta/color;"| Indradasa Hettiarachchi United National Party Non-Cabinet Minister of Coconut Industries and Crop Diversification 30 March 1990 [9]
!align="center" style="background:Template:United National Party/meta/color;"| Ariyaratne Jayatilleke United National Party Non-Cabinet Minister of Minerals and Mineral Based Industries 30 March 1990 [9]
!align="center" style="background:Template:United National Party/meta/color;"| P. B. Kaviratne United National Party Non-Cabinet Minister of Socio-Cultural Integration 30 March 1990 [9]
!align="center" style="background:Template:United National Party/meta/color;"| E. P. Paul Perera United National Party Non-Cabinet Minister of Science and Technology 30 March 1990 [9]
!align="center" style="background:Template:United National Party/meta/color;"| Sarath Chandra Rajakaruna United National Party Non-Cabinet Minister of Energy Conservation 30 March 1990 [9]
!align="center" style="background:Template:United National Party/meta/color;"| Sunethra Ranasinghe United National Party Non-Cabinet Minister of Education Services 30 March 1990 [9]
!align="center" style="background:Template:United National Party/meta/color;"| Chandra Ranatunga United National Party Non-Cabinet Minister of Construction and Building Materials 30 March 1990 [9]
!align="center" style="background:Template:United National Party/meta/color;"| Amara Piyaseeli Ratnayake United National Party Non-Cabinet Minister of Home Affairs 30 March 1990 [9]
!align="center" style="background:Template:United National Party/meta/color;"| Senaraja Samaranayake United National Party Non-Cabinet Minister of Export Development 30 March 1990 [9]
!align="center" style="background:Template:United National Party/meta/color;"| Asoka Wadigamangawa United National Party Non-Cabinet Minister of Lands and Land Alienation 30 March 1990 [9]
!align="center" style="background:Template:United National Party/meta/color;"| H. B. Wanninayake United National Party Non-Cabinet Minister of Indigenous Medicine 30 March 1990 [9]
!align="center" style="background:Template:United National Party/meta/color;"| Wimal Wickramasinghe United National Party Non-Cabinet Minister of Environment 30 March 1990 14 March 1991 [9]
!align="center" style="background:Template:United National Party/meta/color;"| Dayananda A. Wickremasinghe United National Party Non-Cabinet Minister of Human Resource Mobilisation 30 March 1990 [9]
!align="center" style="background:Template:United National Party/meta/color;"| Mahendra Wijeratne United National Party Non-Cabinet Minister of Livestock Development and Milk Production 30 March 1990 [9]
!align="center" style="background:Template:United National Party/meta/color;"| R. P. Wijesiri United National Party Non-Cabinet Minister of Up-Country Peasantry Rehabilitation 30 March 1990 18 December 1990 [9]

Ministers of state

Name Portrait Party Office Took office Left office Refs
!align="center" style="background:Template:United National Party/meta/color;" rowspan=2| Rohan Abeygunsekera United National Party Minister of State for Higher Education 18 February 1989 28 March 1990 [10]
Minister of State for Trade and Commerce 30 March 1990 [11]
!align="center" style="background:Template:United National Party/meta/color;"| M. L. M. Aboosally United National Party Minister of State for Plantation Industries 18 February 1989 28 March 1990 [10]
!align="center" style="background:Template:United National Party/meta/color;"| John Amaratunga United National Party Minister of State for Foreign Affairs 18 February 1989 28 March 1990 [10][11]
!align="center" style="background:Template:United National Party/meta/color;"| G. Tissakutti Arachchi United National Party Minister of State for Parliamentary Affairs 30 March 1990 [11]
!align="center" style="background:Template:United National Party/meta/color;"| D. M. Ariyadasa United National Party Minister of State for Sports 18 February 1989 [10][11]
!align="center" style="background:Template:United National Party/meta/color;"| Gamini Atukorale United National Party Minister of State for Mahaweli Development 18 February 1989 28 March 1990 [10]
!align="center" style="background:Template:United National Party/meta/color;"| A. H. M. Azwer United National Party Minister of State for Muslim Religious and Cultural Affairs 30 March 1990 [11]
!align="center" style="background:Template:United National Party/meta/color;"| J. P. Wijeratne Banda United National Party Minister of State for Agriculture 18 February 1989 28 March 1990 [10]
!align="center" style="background:Template:United National Party/meta/color;"| R. M. Dharmadasa Banda United National Party Minister of State for Up-Country Peasantry Rehabilitation 22 February 1989 28 March 1990 [10]
!align="center" style="background:Template:United National Party/meta/color;"| K. D. M. C. Bandara United National Party Minister of State for Public Administration 18 February 1989 28 March 1990 [10]
!align="center" style="background:Template:United National Party/meta/color;" rowspan=2| Jabir A. Cader United National Party Minister of State for Muslim Religious and Cultural Affairs 18 February 1989 28 March 1990 [10]
Minister of State for Health 30 March 1990 [11]
!align="center" style="background:Template:United National Party/meta/color;"| Mervyn J. Cooray United National Party Minister of State for Power and Energy 18 February 1989 [10][11]
!align="center" style="background:Template:United National Party/meta/color;"| Harindra Corea United National Party Minister of State for Ports and Telecommunication 18 February 1989 28 March 1990 [10]
!align="center" style="background:Template:United National Party/meta/color;"| P. M. B. Cyril United National Party Minister of State for Health 18 February 1989 28 March 1990 [10]
!align="center" style="background:Template:United National Party/meta/color;"| Upali Dassanayake United National Party Minister of State for Parliamentary Affairs 18 February 1989 28 March 1990 [10]
!align="center" style="background:Template:Ceylon Workers' Congress/meta/color;"| P. P. Devaraj Ceylon Workers' Congress Minister of State for Hindu Religious and Cultural Affairs 18 February 1989 [10][11]
!align="center" style="background:Template:United National Party/meta/color;"| U. L. M. Farook United National Party Minister of State for Transport 30 March 1990 [11]
!align="center" style="background:Template:United National Party/meta/color;"| Tyronne Fernando United National Party Minister of State for Justice 18 February 1989 28 March 1990 [10]
!align="center" style="background:Template:United National Party/meta/color;"| P. S. L. Galappatthy United National Party Minister of State for Fisheries and Aquatic Resources 18 February 1989 [10][11]
!align="center" style="background:Template:United National Party/meta/color;"| Lal Gamage United National Party Minister of State for Buddha Sasana 18 February 1989 [10][11]
!align="center" style="background:Template:United National Party/meta/color;"| Chandra Gankanda United National Party Minister of State for Youth Affairs 18 February 1989 28 March 1990 [10]
!align="center" style="background:Template:United National Party/meta/color;"| M. D. A. Gunathilaka United National Party Minister of State for Textile Industries 30 March 1990 [11]
!align="center" style="background:Template:United National Party/meta/color;"| Harold Herath United National Party Minister of State for Finance 18 February 1989 [a] [4][10][11]
!align="center" style="background:Template:United National Party/meta/color;"| Indradasa Hettiarachchi United National Party Minister of State for Shipping 18 February 1989 28 March 1990 [10]
!align="center" style="background:Template:United National Party/meta/color;"| Ariyaratne Jayatilleke United National Party Minister of State for Minerals and Mineral Based Industries 18 February 1989 28 March 1990 [10]
!align="center" style="background:Template:United National Party/meta/color;"| Chandra Karunaratne United National Party Minister of State for Transport 30 March 1990 [11]
!align="center" style="background:Template:United National Party/meta/color;" rowspan=2| Samantha Karunaratne United National Party Minister of State for Social Welfare 18 February 1989 28 March 1990 [10]
Minister of State for Reconstruction, Rehabilitation and Social Welfare 30 March 1990 [11]
!align="center" style="background:Template:United National Party/meta/color;"| Rupa Karunathilake United National Party Minister of State for Provincial Councils 18 February 1989 28 March 1990 [10]
!align="center" style="background:Template:United National Party/meta/color;"| P. B. Kaviratne United National Party Minister of State for Cultural Affairs 18 February 1989 28 March 1990 [10]
!align="center" style="background:Template:United National Party/meta/color;"| K. Ananda Kularatne United National Party Minister of State for Highways 18 February 1989 [10][11]
!align="center" style="background:Template:United National Party/meta/color;" rowspan=2| H. M. A. Lokubanda United National Party Minister of State for Women's Affairs 18 February 1989 28 March 1990 [10]
Minister of State for Agricultural Development and Research 30 March 1990 [11]
!align="center" style="background:Template:United National Party/meta/color;"| Gamini Lokuge United National Party Minister of State for Tourism 18 February 1989 [10][11]
!align="center" style="background:Template:United National Party/meta/color;"| M. E. H. Maharoof United National Party Minister of State for Ports and Shipping 30 March 1990 [11]
!align="center" style="background:Template:United National Party/meta/color;"| Weerasinghe Mallimarachchi United National Party Minister of State for Industries 18 February 1989 28 March 1990 [10]
!align="center" style="background:Template:United National Party/meta/color;"| Imthiaz Bakeer Markar United National Party Minister of State for Housing 18 February 1989 [10][11]
!align="center" style="background:Template:United National Party/meta/color;" rowspan=2| H. G. P. Nelson United National Party Minister of State for Irrigation 18 February 1989 28 March 1990 [10]
Minister of State for Rural Industrial Development 30 March 1990 [11]
!align="center" style="background:Template:United National Party/meta/color;"| E. P. Paul Perera United National Party Minister of State for Science and Technology 18 February 1989 28 March 1990 [10]
!align="center" style="background:Template:United National Party/meta/color;"| K. Vincent Perera United National Party Minister of State for Rehabilitation and Reconstruction 18 February 1989 28 March 1990 [10]
!align="center" style="background:Template:United National Party/meta/color;"| G. M. Premachandra United National Party Minister of State for Food 18 February 1989 28 March 1990 [10]
!align="center" style="background:Template:United National Party/meta/color;"| Rasamanohari Pulendran United National Party Minister of State for Education 30 March 1990 [11]
!align="center" style="background:Template:United National Party/meta/color;"| Sarath Chandra Rajakaruna United National Party Minister of State for Coconut Industries 18 February 1989 28 March 1990 [10]
!align="center" style="background:Template:United National Party/meta/color;"| A. J. Ranasinghe United National Party Minister of State for Information 18 February 1989 [10][11]
!align="center" style="background:Template:United National Party/meta/color;"| Sunethra Ranasinghe United National Party Minister of State for Education 18 February 1989 28 March 1990 [10]
!align="center" style="background:Template:United National Party/meta/color;"| Chandra Ranatunga United National Party Minister of State for Construction 18 February 1989 28 March 1990 [10]
!align="center" style="background:Template:United National Party/meta/color;"| Amara Piyaseeli Ratnayake United National Party Minister of State for Home Affairs 18 February 1989 28 March 1990 [10]
!align="center" style="background:Template:United National Party/meta/color;"| Senaraja Samaranayake United National Party Minister of State for Trade 18 February 1989 28 March 1990 [10]
!align="center" style="background:Template:United National Party/meta/color;" rowspan=2| Ravindra Samaraweera United National Party Minister of State for Co-operatives 18 February 1989 28 March 1990 [10]
Minister of State for Food and Co-operatives 30 March 1990 [11]
!align="center" style="background:Template:United National Party/meta/color;"| Weerawanni Samaraweera United National Party Minister of State for Plantation 18 February 1989 28 March 1990 [10]
!align="center" style="background:Template:Ceylon Workers' Congress/meta/color;" rowspan=2| M. S. Sellasamy Ceylon Workers' Congress Minister of State for Transport 18 February 1989 28 March 1990 [10]
Minister of State for Industries 30 March 1990 [11]
!align="center" style="background:Template:United National Party/meta/color;" rowspan=2| Lakshman Senewiratne United National Party Minister of State for Labour 18 February 1989 28 March 1990 [10]
Minister of State for Labour and Vocational Training 30 March 1990 [11]
!align="center" style="background:Template:United National Party/meta/color;"| Asoka Wadigamangawa United National Party Minister of State for Lands 18 February 1989 28 March 1990 [10]
!align="center" style="background:Template:United National Party/meta/color;"| H. B. Wanninayake United National Party Minister of State for Indigenous Medicine 18 February 1989 28 March 1990 [10]
!align="center" style="background:Template:United National Party/meta/color;"| Sarath Welagedara United National Party Minister of State for Irrigation 30 March 1990 [11]
!align="center" style="background:Template:United National Party/meta/color;"| Wimal Wickramasinghe United National Party Minister of State for Policy Planning and Implementation 18 February 1989 14 March 1991 [10][11]
!align="center" style="background:Template:United National Party/meta/color;"| Dayananda A. Wickremasinghe United National Party Minister of State for Textiles 18 February 1989 28 March 1990 [10]
!align="center" style="background:Template:United National Party/meta/color;"| Mahendra Wijeratne United National Party Minister of State for Animal Husbandry 18 February 1989 28 March 1990 [10]
!align="center" style="background:Template:United National Party/meta/color;"| Ranjan Wijeratne United National Party Minister of State for Defence 18 February 1989 2 March 1991 [10][11]
!align="center" style="background:Template:United National Party/meta/color;"| D. B. Wijetunga United National Party Minister of State for Defence 6 March 1991 [11]
!align="center" style="background:Template:United National Party/meta/color;"| R. P. Wijesiri United National Party Minister of State for Rural Industrial Development 18 February 1989 28 March 1990 [10]

District ministers

Name Portrait Party Office Took office Left office Refs
!align="center" style="background:Template:United National Party/meta/color;"| Weerasinghe Mallimarachchi United National Party District Minister for Colombo [8]

Notes

  1. ^ a b Continued to hold same office in next cabinet.

References

  1. ^ "Heads of State". Parliament of Sri Lanka.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Rajasingham, K. T. "Chapter 37: Talking peace". Sri Lanka: The Untold Story.
  3. ^ a b "Prime Ministers". Parliament of Sri Lanka.
  4. ^ a b "List of Ministers and Deputy Ministers". Ministry of Finance (Sri Lanka).
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v de Silva, W. P. P.; Ferdinando, T. C. L. 9th Parliament of Sri Lanka (PDF). Associated Newspapers of Ceylon Limited. p. 210.
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad de Silva, W. P. P.; Ferdinando, T. C. L. 9th Parliament of Sri Lanka (PDF). Associated Newspapers of Ceylon Limited. pp. 213–214.
  7. ^ a b c d e f g h i Rajasingham, K. T. "Chapter 45: War continues with brutality". Sri Lanka: The Untold Story.
  8. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s Rajasingham, K. T. "Chapter 43: Aftermath of the Indian withdrawal". Sri Lanka: The Untold Story.
  9. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w de Silva, W. P. P.; Ferdinando, T. C. L. 9th Parliament of Sri Lanka (PDF). Associated Newspapers of Ceylon Limited. pp. 214–215.
  10. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax de Silva, W. P. P.; Ferdinando, T. C. L. 9th Parliament of Sri Lanka (PDF). Associated Newspapers of Ceylon Limited. pp. 211–212.
  11. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad de Silva, W. P. P.; Ferdinando, T. C. L. 9th Parliament of Sri Lanka (PDF). Associated Newspapers of Ceylon Limited. p. 215.