Prince of Wales Island (Alaska)
- For other islands named after the Prince of Wales, see Prince of Wales Island.
Prince of Wales Island is one of the islands of the Alexander Archipelago in the Alaska Panhandle. It is the fourth-largest island in the United States (after Hawaii, Kodiak Island, and Puerto Rico) and the 97th-largest island in the world. Template:Geobox
Geography and ecology
The island is 135 miles (217 km) long, 45 miles (72 km) wide and has an area of 2,577 sq mi (6,674 km2), about 1/10 the size of Ireland and slightly larger than the State of Delaware. Approximately 6,000 people live on the island. Craig is the largest community, founded as a saltery in the early 20th century, it has a population of 1,000. Some 750 people live in Klawock, a long-established village that grew with the fishing industry. Hollis was a boom and bust mining town from 1900 to about 1915, abandoned, it was re-established as a logging camp in the '50s, and now has a population of 100. Hollis is where the ferry terminal is located, one hour drive from Craig and a three-hour trip to Ketchikan.[1]
Mountain peaks, all but the tallest of which were buried by Pleistocene glaciation, reach over 3,000 feet (914 m). Fjords, steep-sided mountains, and dense forests characterize the island. Extensive tracts of limestone include karst features such as El Capitan Pit, at 598.3 feet (182.4 m) the deepest vertical shaft in the United States.
Moist, maritime conditions dominate the weather.
The Tongass National Forest covers most of the island. Within the forest and on the island are the Karta River Wilderness and the South Prince of Wales Wilderness. The Prince of Wales flying squirrel (Glaucomys sabrinus griseifrons) is found nowhere else.[1].
The island is in the Prince of Wales-Hyder Census Area.
History
Prince of Wales Island is the homeland of the Kaigani Haida people. Kaigani is a mispronunciation of the Tlingit word x'aax' aani (crabapple country). The Tlingit name for the island is Taan, meaning sea lion. The island is traditional Tlingit territory with the Haida moving into the area in the late 18th century and the abandoned Haida villages actually being Tlingit name.
In 1741, Aleksei Chirikov, commanding a ship on Vitus Bering's second voyage of exploration out of Kamchatka, made the first European landfall on the northwest coast of North America - near Prince of Wales Island. It was not until 1775 that a Spanish expedition reached Prince of Wales Island and claimed it for Spain. A British expedition in 1778, under Captain James Cook, accurately mapped much of the coast of Alaska, including parts of Prince of Wales Island. Comte de La Perouse led a French expedition to the area in 1786.[2]
Mining of gold, copper, and other metals on the island began in the late 19th century. Gold production came from underground lode mines exploiting: gold-bearing quartz veins in metamorphic rocks (such as the Gold Standard, Sea Level, Dawson, Golden Fleece and Goldstream mines); skarns (at the Jumbo and Kassan Peninsula copper-gold mines); zoned mafic-ultramafic plutons, as at the Salt Chuck silver-gold-copper-PGE mine; and VMS deposits such as Niblack. Uranium was mined at Bokan Mountain in the 1950s and 1970s.[3][4]
Economy
Logging
Logging has historically been a mainstay of the collective Prince of Wales economy, however, recently there has been a decline in the industry leaving only a few small-scale sawmills operating. In 1975, Herbert Zieske, Chuck Zieske and Alan Stein and the Point Baker Association hired Dick Folta of Haines to sue the US Forest Service to prevent logging 400,000 acres (160,000 hectares) on the northern portion of the island.
In December 1975, Judge von der Heydt issued a ruling enjoining clearcutting. In March 1976, Congress responded to the suit by passing the National Forest Management Act which removed the injunction. Subsequently half of the marketable timber was cut on the north end of the island.
As of 2009, Senators Murkowski (R AK) and Begich (D AK) have announced their intent to introduce a bill to privatize the Northern end of Prince of Wales Island.[5]
Tourism
Recently, tourism, including sport fishing has gained a strong place in Prince of Wales' economy. Tourism has also increased in part due to the easier accessibility to Prince of Wales Island by the new Inter-Island Ferry Authority.
Fishing
Commercial fishing provides the foundation of the economy for numerous towns on the island including Craig, Klawock, Hydaburg, Port Protection and Point Baker. During the summer, trollers and seiners both fish for all five species of Pacific salmon. Longliners bring up halibut and black cod. Dungeness crab and shrimp seasons are open off and on throughout the year. During the winter there are dive fisheries for geoducks, sea cucumbers and sea urchins.
Government
Since Prince of Wales Island is almost entirely made up of federal National Forest land, the two ranger districts (Craig and Thorne Bay) on the island provide employment for a number of residents.
Mining
Mineral exploration continues at many projects on POW. The only producing uranium mine in the entire State of Alaska is located on POW, the Ross-Adams mine in Kendrick Bay. Current remediation projects have been reported in local media, and continued exploration of Rare Earth Metals continue in the region.
Transportation
Roads
A road system, much of it originally created by the logging industry, spans much of the island and an increasing amount of it is becoming paved. Only a number of communities on the northern tip of the island are without road access to other Prince of Wales communities. There is now a newly-designated state "scenic highway" - the 500-kilometer (310 mi) Prince of Wales Island road system. The highway reaches almost every community on Prince of Wales.
Cargo
A few companies provide scheduled barge service from Pacific coast ports to South-Eastern Alaska ports, including those on Prince of Wales island (primarily Craig).
Public Ferry
Alaska Marine Highway System
Historically, the Alaska Marine Highway intermittently served the port of Hollis, until the Inter-Island Ferry Authority began regular scheduled service.
Inter-Island Ferry Authority
After little AMHS service, the communities of Prince of Wales Island banded together to create their own ferry service, the Inter-Island Ferry Authority which has two Prince of Wales Island-dedicated vessels in its fleet, currently with year-round daily service between Hollis and Ketchikan. In summer there used to be service between Coffman Cove, Wrangell and Petersburg (via Wrangell); and indirect service via connections with the Alaska Marine Highway to many Alaskan ports, Prince Rupert, British Columbia, and Bellingham, Washington, which was cancelled due to low ridership and lack of funding.
Airports
Klawock Airport (IATA: KLW, ICAO: PAKW, FAA LID: AKW) is the only airport on Prince of Wales island. Three commercial airlines in Ketchikan provide scheduled service to Prince of Wales island. Air taxi or chartered flights are also available from them and other airlines.
Seaplane Bases
| FAA | IATA | ICAO | Seaplane Base [6] |
|---|---|---|---|
| KCC | Coffman Cove | ||
| CGA | Craig | ||
| HYL | Hollis | ||
| HYG | PAHY | Hydaburg | |
| KXA | Kasaan | ||
| AQC | PAQC | Klawock | |
| KPB | Point Baker | ||
| 19P | Port Protection | ||
| KTB | Thorne Bay | ||
| KWF | Waterfall |
Scheduled Airlines
| Airline | Hub(s) | Prince of Wales island Airports
Island Air Express |
|---|---|---|
| Pacific Airways, Inc | Ketchikan | Craig, Hollis, Klawock, Thorne Bay [7] |
| Promech Air | Ketchikan | Craig, Hollis, Klawock [8] |
| Taquan Air | Ketchikan | Coffman Cove, Craig, Edna Bay, Hollis, Hydaburg, Naukati Bay, Point Baker, Port Protection, Thorne Bay, Whale Pass [9] |
Communities
Notable ex-Residents
- Holly Madison, American model and Hugh Hefner's former girlfriend.
References
- ^ http://www.gorp.com/parks-guide/travel-ta-tongass-national-forest-sidwcmdev_065664.html
- ^ http://www.pbs.org/harriman/1899/exploration.html
- ^ http://ardf.wr.usgs.gov/ardf_data/DixonEntrance.pdf
- ^ http://www.ucoreuranium.com/bokan.asp
- ^ Giving away 80,000 acres (32,000 ha) of publicland
- ^ "Location Identifiers". Federal Aviation Administration.
- ^ "Pacific Airways, Inc". Pacific Airways, Inc.
- ^ "Promech Air". Promech Air.
- ^ "Taquan Air". Taquan Air.
General references
