Rump state
A rump state is the remnant of a once much larger state, left with a reduced territory in the wake of secession, annexation, occupation, decolonization, or a successful coup d'état or revolution on part of its former territory.[1] In the latter case, a government stops short of going into exile because it still controls part of its former territory. For example, after the Qing Empire assumed control over most of China, the previous Ming Empire turned to resistance in the south as a rump state until its eventual conquest.
Examples
Ancient history
Early ancient history
- The Kingdom of Judah as successor to the United Monarchy after the Kingdom of Israel seceded c. 930 BC to its conquest by Babylonia in 586 BC,[2]Cite error: The
<ref>tag has too many names (see the help page). - Ancient Egypt from the late 8th century BC until its Babylonian conquest.[3] See also Twenty-fifth dynasty of Egypt (the period of Kushite rule.)
Late ancient history
- After the fall of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th century, various generals defended regions of the former empire until they were conquered by various Germanic kingdoms. One example of this is the Kingdom of Soissons in northern Gaul.
Modern history
- Hungarian Soviet Republic (1919)[4] which controlled only around 23% of the Hungarian state.
- Russia is considered by one source to be a rump state of the former Soviet Union.[5]
- The Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, that is, the name the State Union of Serbia and Montenegro used from 1992 to 2003, was often viewed as the rump state left behind by the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (1945–1992) when it broke up.[6] This view of it was held not only by its founders[6] but also by many people antagonistic to them, who perceived Serbians and Montenegrins as unofficially or unwelcomely dominant among the various peoples under the socialist regime.
- Mexico possessed Texas prior to the Texas Revolution where the Republic of Texas was formed. Mexico possessed the current states of California, Utah, Nevada, Arizona, and New Mexico, until the Mexican Cession following the Mexican–American War.
Controversy
- The Republic of China: Following the victory of the Communist Party of China in establishing the People's Republic of China on Mainland China during the Chinese Civil War, the Government of the Republic of China fled to the island of Taiwan. Since then, some regard it as a rump state[7] while some others regard it as a government in exile.[8] See also Political status of Taiwan.
See also
References
- ^ Tir, J.: Keeping the Peace After Secessions: Territorial Conflicts Between Rump and Secessionist States. Paper presented 2005-2-22 at the annual meeting of the International Studies Association, Hilton Hawaiian Village, Honolulu, Hawaii Online. Retrieved 2014 Oct 26.
- ^ "Bible Gateway passage: 1 Kings 12:1-25 - New International Version". Biblegateway.com. Retrieved 22 August 2016.
- ^ "Ancient Egypt: The Assyrian Conquest". Reshafim.org. Retrieved 22 August 2016.
- ^ John C. Swanson (2017). Tangible Belonging: Negotiating Germanness in Twentieth-Century Hungary. University of Pittsburgh Press. p. 80. ISBN 9780822981992.
- ^ Tir, Jaroslav (2006). Redrawing the Map to Promote Peace: Territorial Dispute Management Via Territorial Changes. Lexington Books. p. 47. ISBN 978-0-7391-1286-1.
in addition to the creation of the rump state (e.g. Russia)
- ^ a b Sudetic, Chuck (1991-10-24), "Top Serb Leaders Back Proposal To Form Separate Yugoslav State", New York Times, retrieved 2018-03-07.
- ^ Krasner, Stephen D. (2001). Problematic Sovereignty: Contested Rules and Political Possibilities. Columbia University Press. p. 148.
For some time the Truman administration had been hoping to distance itself from the rump state on Taiwan and to establish at least a minimal relationship with the newly founded PRC.
- ^ "TIMELINE: Milestones in China-Taiwan relations since 1949". Reuters. Retrieved March 4, 2015.
1949: Chiang Kai-shek's Nationalists lose civil war to Mao Zedong's Communist forces, sets up government-in-exile on Taiwan.
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