S4 (classification)
S4, SB3, SM4 are disability swimming classifications used for categorising swimmers based on their level of disability.
History
The classification was created by the International Paralympic Committee and has roots in a 2003 attempt to address "the overall objective to support and co-ordinate the ongoing development of accurate, reliable, consistent and credible sport focused classification systems and their implementation."[1] In 1997, Against the odds : New Zealand Paralympians said this classification was graded along a gradient, with S1 being the most disabled and S10 being the least disabled.[2]
Sport
This classification is for swimming.[3] In the classification title, S represents Freestyle, Backstroke and Butterfly strokes. SB means breaststroke. SM means individual medley.[3] Jane Buckley, writing for the Sporting Wheelies, describes the swimmers in this classification as having the use of "their arms and have minimal weakness in their hands but have no use of their trunk or legs; Swimmers with coordination problems affecting all limbs but predominantly in the legs; Swimmers with limb loss to 3 limbs. Increasing ability compared to Class S3."[3] Swimming classifications are on a gradient, with one being the most severely physically impaired to ten having the least amount of physical disability.[4]
Getting classified
In Australia, to be classified in this category, athletes contact the Australian Paralympic Committee or their state swimming governing body.[5] In the United States, classification is handled by the United States Paralympic Committee on a national level. The classification test has three components: "a bench test, a water test, observation during competition."[6] American swimmers are assessed by four people: a medical classified, two general classified and a technical classifier.[6]
Competitions
For this classification, organisers of the Paralympic Games have the option of including the following events on the Paralympic programme: 50m and 100m Freestyle, 200m Freestyle, 50m Backstroke, 50m Butterfly, 50m Breaststroke, and 150m Individual Medley events.[7]
Records
In the S4 50 m Freestyle Long Course, the men's world record is held by Japan's Yuji Hanada with a time of 00:37.54 and the women's world record is held by the Netherlands's Lisette Teunissen with a time of 00:44.19.[8] In the S4 100 m Freestyle Long Course, the men's world record is held by Spain's Richard Oribe and the women's world record is held by the Netherlands's Lisette Teunissen.[9]
Competitors
Swimmers who have competed in this classification include Cheryl Angelelli,[10] Aimee Bruder[10] and Nely Miranda[10] who all won medals in their class at the 2008 Paralympics.[10]
American swimmers who have been classified by the United States Paralympic Committee as being in this class include Fred Amaya, Cheryl Angelelli, Joe McCarthy and Joel Parks.[11]
See also
- Para-swimming classification
- Swimming at the Summer Paralympics
- Swimming at the 2008 Summer Paralympics – Men's 100 metre freestyle S4
References
- ^ "Paralympic Classification Today". International Paralympic Committee. 22 April 2010. p. 3.
{{cite web}}:|access-date=requires|url=(help); Missing or empty|url=(help) - ^ Gray, Alison (1997). Against the odds : New Zealand Paralympians. Auckland, N.Z.: Hodder Moa Beckett. p. 18. ISBN 1869585666. OCLC 154294284.
- ^ a b c Buckley, Jane (2011). "Understanding Classification: A Guide to the Classification Systems used in Paralympic Sports". Retrieved 12 November 2011.
- ^ Shackell, James (2012-07-24). "Paralympic dreams: Croydon Hills teen a hotshot in pool". Maroondah Weekly. Retrieved 2012-08-01.
- ^ "Classification Information Sheet" (PDF). Australian Paralympic Committee. 8 March 2011. p. 3. Retrieved 17 November 2011.
- ^ a b "U.S. Paralympics National Classification Policies & Procedures SWIMMING". United States Paralympic Committee. 26 June 2011. Retrieved 18 November 2011.
- ^ "Swimming Classification". The Beijing Organizing Committee for the Games of the XXIX Olympiad. 2008. Retrieved 18 November 2011.
- ^ "IPC Swimming World Records Long Course". International Paralympic Committee. Retrieved 18 November 2011.
- ^ "IPC Swimming World Records Long Course". International Paralympic Committee. Retrieved 18 November 2011.
- ^ a b c d "Results". International Paralympic Committee. Retrieved 18 November 2011.
- ^ "USA NATIONAL CLASSIFICATION DATABASE" (PDF). United States Paralympic Committee. 7 October 2011. Retrieved 18 November 2011.
