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SS Grampian

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Grampian's bow in July 1919
after she struck an iceberg
History
United Kingdom
NameGrampian
NamesakeGrampian Mountains
Owner1907: Allan Line SS Co Ltd
Operator
Port of registryGlasgow
Route
BuilderAlexander Stephen & Sons, Glasgow
Yard number422
Launched25 July 1907
Completed1907
Out of service1921
Refit1921, abandoned after fire
Identification
Fate
  • damaged by fire 1921
  • scrapped 1925–26
General characteristics
TypeOcean liner
Tonnage
  • 1907: 9,603 GRT, 6,119 NRT
  • 1910: 10,947 GRT, 7,033 NRT
  • 1914: 10,074 GRT, 6,439 NRT
Length485.7 ft (148.0 m)
Beam60.2 ft (18.3 m)
Depth38.1 ft (11.6 m)
Decks2
Installed power825 NHP
Propulsion
Speed17 knots (31 km/h)
Capacity
  • Passengers:
  • 210 × 1st class
  • 250 × 2nd class
  • 1,000 × 3rd class
Crew350
Sensors and
processing systems		by 1910: submarine signalling
Notessister ship: Hesperian

SS Grampian was a transatlantic ocean liner that was built in Scotland in 1907 and scrapped in the Netherlands in 1925. She was operated originally by Allan Line, and later by Canadian Pacific Steamships. In the First World War she remained in commercial service but carried Canadian troops. In 1919 she survived a collision with an iceberg. In 1921 she was gutted by fire while being refitted. The refit was abandoned, and in 1925–26 she was scrapped.

Building and equipment

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In 1907 Alexander Stephen and Sons built a pair of sister ships for Allan Line in Linthouse, Glasgow.[1] Grampian was yard number 422. She was launched on July 25, 1907 and completed later that year.[2] Her sister Hesperian was yard number 425. She was launched on December 20, 1907 and completed in 1908.[3]

Grampian's registered length was 485.7 ft (148.0 m), her beam was 60.2 ft (18.3 m) and her depth was 38.1 ft (11.6 m).[4] She had berths for 1,460 passengers: 210 first class, 250 second class and 1,000 third class.[5] As built, her tonnages were 9,603 GRT, 6,119 NRT.[4]

Grampian had twin screws, each driven by a three-cylinder triple expansion engine. Between them her twin engines were rated at 825 NHP and gave her a speed of 17 knots (31 km/h).[5]

Allan Line registered Grampian at Glasgow. Her UK official number was 124220 and her code letters were HLKW.[4] In 1907 she made her maiden voyage from Glasgow to Montreal via Quebec.[1]

By 1910 Grampian had been equipped for submarine signalling and wireless telegraphy. The Marconi Company supplied and operated her wireless. Her call sign was MRN.[6] By 1911 her tonnages were reassessed as 10,947 GRT and 7,033 NRT.[7] By 1914 they had been reassessed again as 10,074 GRT and 6,439 NRT.[8]

First World War

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In the First World War, Grampian remained in commercial service, but carried members of the Canadian Expeditionary Force from Canada to Europe.[9] In 1915 a U-boat torpedoed her sister ship Hesperian in the Western Approaches, killing 32 people. Hesperian was taken in tow, but sank two days later.[3]

In 1917 Canadian Pacific took over Allan Line.[10] Grampian remained in Allan Line ownership, and registered in Glasgow, but was now managed by Canadian Pacific.[2][11]

Iceberg

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Grampian's bow after hitting the iceberg

In July 1919 Grampian was on an eastbound voyage from Montreal to Liverpool, carrying 750 passengers and a crew of 350. Early on the evening of July 9 she was in fog about 45 nautical miles (83 km) off Cape Race, Newfoundland when she sighted an iceberg. It was too close to avoid a collision, so her Master decided to hit the iceberg head-on.[12][13][14]

Grampian's bow was stove in by nearly 40 feet (12 m), killing two stewards in the fo'c's'le and injuring another steward and a stoker. But the damage did not extend below her waterline, and the iceberg was prevented from scraping down the side of her hull, which could have ruptured enough watertight compartments to sink her. She diverted to St John's, Newfoundland for emergency repairs.[12][13][14]

Grampian's passengers were transferred to RMS Empress of Britain to complete their journey to Liverpool. Grampian was given a temporary timber bow to enable her to reach a port she could receive permanent repairs.[15]

Refit and fire

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In 1921 Grampian was in Antwerp being refitted. On March 14 she caught fire and was badly damaged. Her owners abandoned the ship to her underwriters. She was scrapped in the Netherlands, but sources differ as to when and where. One states that it was in July 1925 at Hendrik-Ido-Ambacht.[2] Another states that it was by F Rysdyk in Rotterdam in 1926.[10]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b Haws 1979, pp. 110–111.
  2. ^ a b c "Grampian". Scottish Built Ships. Caledonian Maritime Research Trust. Retrieved July 27, 2022.
  3. ^ a b "Hesperian". Scottish Built Ships. Caledonian Maritime Research Trust. Retrieved July 28, 2022.
  4. ^ a b c Lloyd's Register 1907, GRA.
  5. ^ a b Haws 1979, p. 110.
  6. ^ The Marconi Press Agency Ltd 1913, p. 253.
  7. ^ Lloyd's Register 1910, GRA.
  8. ^ Lloyd's Register 1914, GRA.
  9. ^ Oldfield 2016, p. 462.
  10. ^ a b Haws 1979, p. 111.
  11. ^ Lloyd's Register 1917, GRA.
  12. ^ a b New-York Tribune, July 11, 1919, p. 1.
  13. ^ a b The Evening World, July 10, 1919, p. 1.
  14. ^ a b The New York Times, July 11, 1919, p. 13.
  15. ^ The New York Times, July 12, 1919, p. 3.

Bibliography

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