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Salsoloideae

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Salsoloideae
Salsola oppositifolia, in fruit
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Plantae
(unranked):
Angiosperms
(unranked):
Eudicots
(unranked):
Core eudicots
Order:
Caryophyllales
Family:
Amaranthaceae
Subfamily:
Salsoloideae
Genera

about 35 genera, see text

The Salsoloideae are a subfamily of the Amaranthaceae, formerly in family Chenopodiaceae.

Description

These are herbs, subshrubs, shrubs and some trees. Stems and leaves are often succulent. The ovary contains a spiral embryo. In most genera, scarious wings develop at the outside of the fruiting perianth, allowing for dispersal by the wind (anemochory).
In Tribus Caroxyleae, the stamens have vesiculose anther appendages, discolor with anthers, that probably play a role for insect pollination. In Tribus Salsoleae the anther appendages are absent or small and inconspicuous.

Distribution

The area with most species (center of diversity) are the deserts and semideserts of Central-Asia and the Middle East. Distribution of the subfamily extends to the Mediterranean, to Middle-Europe, north and south Africa, and Australia, some species have also been introduced to America. Many species grow in dry habitats (xerophytes) or tolerate salty soils (halophytes), some are ruderals.

Photosynthesis pathway

Salsoloideae are C4-plants (with a few exceptions in Salsoleae). Caroxyleae is exclusively C4 of the NAD-malic enzyme subtype. Most Salsoleae also use NADP-malic enzyme.[1]

Taxonomy

Climacoptera turcomanica, in fruit
Cornulaca monacantha
Halothamnus subaphyllus, in fruit
Saxaul, Haloxylon ammodendron
Hammada griffithii, in fruit
Kali tragus

The type genus of subfamily Salsoloideae is Salsola L. According to recent research, the former classification did not reflect the phylogenetic relationship, so that the subfamily had to be reclassified.[2] The tribe Camphorosmeae is now treated as own subfamily Camphorosmoideae.[3]

References

  • Hossein Akhani, Gerald Edwards, Eric H. Roalson:Diversification Of The Old World Salsoleae s.l. (Chenopodiaceae): Molecular Phylogenetic Analysis Of Nuclear And Chloroplast Data Sets And A Revised Classification. In: International Journal of Plant Sciences, 168(6):931–956, 2007.
  1. ^ V.I.Pyankov, H.Ziegler, A.Kuz’min, G.E.Edwards. - Origin and evolution of C4 photosynthesis in the tribe Salsoleae (Chenopodiaceae) based on anatomical and biochemical types in leaves and cotyledons. Plant Syst Evol 230: S.43–74, 2001.
  2. ^ a b c Hossein Akhani, Gerald Edwards, Eric H. Roalson:Diversification Of The Old World Salsoleae S.L. (Chenopodiaceae): Molecular Phylogenetic Analysis Of Nuclear And Chloroplast Data Sets And A Revised Classification In: International Journal of Plant Sciences, 168(6):S. 931–956, 2007.
  3. ^ Gudrun Kadereit & Helmut Freitag: Molecular phylogeny of Camphorosmeae (Camphorosmoideae, Chenopodiaceae): Implications for biogeography, evolution of C4-photosynthesis and taxonomy. Taxon 60(1), S. 51-78, 2011.
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