Segestria florentina
| Segestria florentina | |
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| Species: | S. florentina
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| Binomial name | |
| Segestria florentina (Rossi, 1790)
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Aranea subterranea | |
Segestria florentina is the biggest segestriid spider of Europe. Some common names are tube web spider or cellar spider, although both are not specific to this species.
Description
Females reach a body length of 22 mm, males up to 15 mm. This species is much darker than others of the same genus. While subadult spiders have a greyish opisthosoma with a marking similar to Segestria senoculata, adults are of a uniform black, sometimes with a green metallic shine, especially on the fangs.[1] reflect with a striking green. The sexes are similar. Adults occur from June to November.[1]
Habits
They spin a tubular web, often in cracks of buildings. Six or more silken lines radiate from it, and the spider waits in the entrance, touching the lines with the frontal six legs. Prey triggering these lines get caught, and the spider immediately retreats again to eat it in its retreat. They hunt nocturnal insects such as moths and cockroaches, but disdain woodlice. Bees and wasps are always bitten at the head end, so the sting will face away from the spider.[2]
The eggs are deposited inside the tube web. Sometimes the female will die after the spiderlings have hatched, and they will eat their mother.[3] The spider can be lured to the entrance by gently touching the triplines with a stick in the evening or at night.[4]
Distribution
Originally a species of the Mediterranean region as far east as Georgia, it can even be found in several large British towns (for example Bristol), where they were probably introduced via seaports at least since 1845.[5] It has been found in several places in Cornwall, where it prefers walls facing south.[6] It has also been found in Argentina, Australia and several Atlantic islands, where it was probably also introduced.
Bite
Its bite is reportedly quite painful.[1] It feels like a deep injection, and the pain can last for several hours.[7]
Two neurotoxins and one insecticide were found in the venom.[8] The venom reduces the rate and amount of sodium inactivation. This effect is probably responsible for the prolongation of the action potential.[9]
References
