Sokolnicheskaya line
 Sokolnicheskaya line | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Overview | |
| Locale | Moscow |
| Termini |
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| Stations | 20[1] |
| Service | |
| Type | Rapid transit |
| System | Moscow Metro |
| Operator(s) | Moskovsky Metropoliten |
| Rolling stock | 81-717.5M/714.5M[1] |
| History | |
| Opened | 15 May 1935[1] |
| Technical | |
| Line length | 28.2 kilometres (17.5 mi)[1] |
| Character | At-grade, underground, and elevated |
| Track gauge | 1,520 mm (4 ft 11+27⁄32 in) |
Sokolnicheskaya Line (Russian: Соко́льническая ли́ния, IPA: [səˈkolʲnʲit͡ɕɪskɐjə ˈlʲinʲɪjə]) (Line 1) is a line of the Moscow Metro. It opened in 1935 and is the oldest in the system. Currently the line has 20 stations and a length of 28.2 kilometres (17.5 mi).[1]
History
As the line was the first formal one in the system, its history of development coincides with the history of the Moscow Metro's first stage altogether. In short it was to cut Moscow on a northeast-southwest axis beginning at the Sokolniki Park and continuing through the Three railway terminals and then past the city centre's main traffic junctions: Red gate junction, Kirovskaya, the Lubyanka and the Manege Squares. From there, a separate branch carried off into the Arbat Street and later Kiyevsky railway station, before it became in 1938 the distinct Arbatsko-Pokrovskaya Line and, later, in 1958, the Filyovskaya Line. The remaining part of the Frunzenskaya Branch went along the Kremlin's western wall past the Russian State Library to the future site of the Palace of the Soviets on the bank of the Moskva River and terminated near the Gorky Park.
Although Moscow Metro prides itself on the best Stalinist architecture and the earlier Art Deco attempts, the stations of the first stage are very far from those. Instead they have a very classical taste to them, which blends nicely with the neo-classical atmosphere of the mid-1930s. It is also true that the overall construction of these early stations allowed the palaces of the 1940s and 1950s to evolve from them. Most of these stations are now officially listed as architectural heritage.[citation needed]
Further development was seen in the latter half of the 1950s during the construction of the Frunzensky radius. The line extended into the Khamovniki District in 1957 coming up to Luzhniki Stadium and then in 1959 reached the Moscow State University on the Sparrow Hills. This required crossing the Moskva river on a combined auto and Metro bridge including a station on it. However due to the necessity of reconstruction in 1984, the station was closed, and not reopened until 2002. The Frunzensky radius was completed in 1964 upon the last extension into the new bedroom communities along the Vernadsky Avenue of southwestern Moscow.
At the opposite end, there were two extensions: one in 1965 across the Yauza River (also via an open bridge) to Preobrazhenskaya Square, and another in 1990 into the Bogorodskoye district.
Recent developments and future plans
Presently the line has the oldest structures in operation, and thus several renovations have been carried out systematically. Recent changes include a second entrance to Kropotkinskaya in 1998, major lighting enhancements to Okhotny Ryad and Kropotkinskaya.
Extensions are planned at both ends of the line. In the south, works on three stations began in early 2012, with Troparyovo opening in December 2014. Rumyantsevo and Salaryevo are scheduled to be opened in the first half of 2015.[2]
Extensions in the north are hampered by the position of Cherkizovskaya and Bulvar Rokossovskogo which were built so as to become a part of the projected second ring line that has been in planning since the 1960s. Cherkizovskaya's tunnels have provisions for a second perpendicular station, that would allow the line to continue eastwards to the district of Golyanovo and meet the Arbatsko-Pokrovskaya Line at Shchyolkovskaya. Such an extension, however, is not scheduled in the current official development program.
Timeline
| Segment | Date opened | Length |
|---|---|---|
| Sokolniki – Park Kultury | 15 May 1935 | 8.4 km |
| Park Kultury – Sportivnaya | 1 May 1957 | 2.5 km |
| Sportivnaya – Universitet | 1 December 1959 | 4.5 km |
| Universitet – Yugo-Zapadnaya | 30 December 1963 | 4.5 km |
| Sokolniki – Preobrazhenskaya Ploshchad | 31 December 1965 | 2.5 km |
| Preobrazhenskaya Ploshchad – Bulvar Rokossovskogo | 3 August 1990 | 3.8 km |
| Vorobyovy Gory (after reconstruction) | 14 December 2002 | N/A |
| Yugo-Zapadnaya – Troparyovo | 8 December 2014 | 2.1 km |
| Total | 20 Stations | 28.2 km |
Name changes
| Station | Previous name(s) | Years |
|---|---|---|
| Krasnye Vorota | Krasniye Vorota | 1935–1962 |
| Lermontovskaya | 1962–1986 | |
| Chistye Prudy | Kirovskaya | 1935–1990 |
| Lubyanka | Dzerzhinskaya | 1935–1990 |
| Okhotny Ryad | Okhotny Ryad | 1935–1955 |
| Imeni L.M. Kaganovicha | 1955–1957 | |
| Okhotny Ryad | 1957–1965 | |
| Prospekt Marksa | 1965–1990 | |
| Kropotkinskaya | Dvorets Sovetov | 1935–1957 |
| Park Kultury | Tsentralny Park Kultury i Otdykha Imeni Gorkogo | 1935–1980 |
| Vorobyovy Gory | Leninskie Gory | 1957–2002 |
| Bulvar Rokossovskogo | Ulitsa Podbelskogo | 1990–2014 |
Transfers
| Transfer to | At |
|---|---|
 Zamoskvoretskaya line
|
Okhotny Ryad |
 Arbatsko-Pokrovskaya line
|
Biblioteka Imeni Lenina |
 Filyovskaya line
|
Biblioteka Imeni Lenina |
 Koltsevaya line
|
Komsomolskaya, Park Kultury |
 Kaluzhsko-Rizhskaya line
|
Chistye Prudy |
 Tagansko-Krasnopresnenskaya line
|
Lubyanka |
 Serpukhovsko-Timiryazevskaya line
|
Biblioteka Imeni Lenina |
 Lyublinsko-Dmitrovskaya line
|
Chistye Prudy |
Rolling stock
Two depots are assigned to the line, the #1 Severnoye and the #13 Cherkizovo. Starting in 1997 both depots have been upgrading to the new 81-717.5M/714.5M trains (all factory fresh). Currently all carriages of the old EF, EF1, Em-508 and Em-509 have been retired.
References
- ^ a b c d e Сокольническая линия. Moskovsky Metropoliten (in Russian). Retrieved 12 January 2012.
- ^ "Перспективы развития". Moscow Metro. Retrieved 2014-11-20.
External links
- Winchester, Clarence, ed. (1936), "Moscow's underground", Railway Wonders of the World, pp. 894–899 illustrated contemporary description of the Moscow underground
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