Sokolnicheskaya line
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Overview | |
Locale | Moscow |
Termini |
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Stations | 22 |
Service | |
Type | Rapid transit |
System | Moscow Metro |
Operator(s) | Moskovsky Metropoliten |
Rolling stock | 81-717.5M/714.5M 81-717/714[1] |
History | |
Opened | 15 May 1935[1] |
Technical | |
Line length | 32.5 kilometres (20.2 mi)[1] |
Character | At-grade, underground, and elevated |
Track gauge | 1,520 mm (4 ft 11+27⁄32 in) |
Electrification | Third rail |
The Sokolnicheskaya line (Russian: Соко́льническая ли́ния, IPA: [səˈkolʲnʲitɕɪskəjə ˈlʲinʲɪjə]) (Line 1; Red Line) is a line of the Moscow Metro. It opened in 1935 and is the oldest in the system. There are currently 22 stations open on the line. As of 2016[update], the line is 32.5 kilometres (20.2 mi) long.[1]
History
As the line was the first formal one in the system, its history of development coincides with the history of the Moscow Metro's first stage altogether. In short it was to cut Moscow on a northeast-southwest axis beginning at the Sokolniki Park and continuing through the Three railway terminals and then past the city centre's main traffic junctions: Red gate junction, Kirovskaya, the Lubyanka and the Manege Squares. From there, a separate branch carried off into the Arbat Street and later Kiyevsky railway station, before it became in 1938 the distinct Arbatsko–Pokrovskaya line and, later, in 1958, the Filyovskaya line. The remaining part of the Frunzenskaya Branch went along the Kremlin's western wall past the Russian State Library to the future site of the Palace of the Soviets on the bank of the Moskva River and terminated near the Gorky Park.
Although Moscow Metro prides itself on the best Stalinist architecture and the earlier Art Deco attempts, the stations of the first stage are very far from those. Instead they have a very classical taste to them, which blends nicely with the neo-classical atmosphere of the mid-1930s. It is also true that the overall construction of these early stations allowed the palaces of the 1940s and 1950s to evolve from them. Most of these stations are now officially listed as architectural heritage.[citation needed]
Further development was seen in the latter half of the 1950s during the construction of the Frunzensky radius. The line extended into the Khamovniki District in 1957 coming up to Luzhniki Stadium and then in 1959 reached the Moscow State University on the Sparrow Hills. This required crossing the Moskva river on a combined auto and Metro bridge including a station on it. However, due to the necessity of reconstruction in 1984, the station was closed, and not reopened until 2002. The Frunzensky radius was completed in 1964 upon the last extension into the new bedroom communities along the Vernadsky Avenue of southwestern Moscow.
At the opposite end, there were two extensions: one in 1965 across the Yauza River (also via an open bridge) to Preobrazhenskaya Square, and another in 1990 into the Bogorodskoye District.
Recent developments and future plans
Presently the line has the oldest structures in operation, and thus several renovations have been carried out systematically. Recent changes include a second entrance to Kropotkinskaya in 1998, major lighting enhancements to Okhotny Ryad and Kropotkinskaya.
In the south, Metro completed an extension of the line from Yugo-Zapadnaya in 2016, adding Troparyovo in December 2014, Rumyantsevo in January 2016, and Salaryevo in February 2016.[2] Metro has planned an 11.6 km extension to the town of Kommunarka in 2019 with the construction of four stations: Filatov Lug, Prokshino, Olkhovaya, and Stolbovo. Stolbovo will allow transfers to the Ulitsa Novatorov branch of the Bolshaya Koltsevaya line.[3] The city released initial station designs for Olkhovaya and Stolbovo in December 2017 and set an initial completion date in 2019.[4]
Planned extensions in the north are hampered by the position of Cherkizovskaya and Bulvar Rokossovskogo which were built so as to become a part of the projected second ring line that has been in planning since the 1960s. Cherkizovskaya's tunnels have provisions for a second perpendicular station, that would allow the line to continue eastwards to the district of Golyanovo and meet the Arbatsko–Pokrovskaya line at Shchyolkovskaya. Such an extension, however, is not scheduled in the current official development program.
Timeline
Segment | Date opened | Length |
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Sokolniki–Park Kultury | 15 May 1935 | 8.4 km |
Park Kultury–Sportivnaya | 1 May 1957 | 2.4 km |
Sportivnaya–Universitet | 1 December 1959 | 4.5 km |
Universitet–Yugo-Zapadnaya | 30 December 1963 | 4.5 km |
Sokolniki–Preobrazhenskaya Ploshchad | 31 December 1965 | 2.5 km |
Preobrazhenskaya Ploshchad–Bulvar Rokossovskogo | 3 August 1990 | 3.8 km |
Vorobyovy Gory (after reconstruction) | 14 December 2002 | N/A |
Yugo-Zapadnaya–Troparyovo | 8 December 2014 | 2.1 km |
Troparyovo–Rumyantsevo | 18 January 2016 | 2.5 km |
Rumyantsevo–Salaryevo | 15 February 2016 | 1.8 km |
Total | 22 Stations | 32.5 km |
Name changes
Station | Previous name(s) | Years |
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Krasnye Vorota | Krasniye Vorota | 1935–1962 |
Lermontovskaya | 1962–1986 | |
Chistye Prudy | Kirovskaya | 1935–1990 |
Lubyanka | Dzerzhinskaya | 1935–1990 |
Okhotny Ryad | Okhotny Ryad | 1935–1955 |
Imeni L.M. Kaganovicha | 1955–1957 | |
Okhotny Ryad | 1957–1965 | |
Prospekt Marksa | 1965–1990 | |
Kropotkinskaya | Dvorets Sovetov | 1935–1957 |
Park Kultury | Tsentralny Park Kultury i Otdykha Imeni Gorkogo | 1935–1980 |
Vorobyovy Gory | Leninskie Gory | 1957–2002 |
Bulvar Rokossovskogo | Ulitsa Podbelskogo | 1990–2014 |
Transfers
Transfer to | At |
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Okhotny Ryad |
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Biblioteka Imeni Lenina |
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Biblioteka Imeni Lenina |
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Komsomolskaya, Park Kultury |
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Chistye Prudy |
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Lubyanka |
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Biblioteka Imeni Lenina |
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Chistye Prudy |
Rolling stock
Two depots are assigned to the line, the #1 Severnoye and the #13 Cherkizovo. Starting in 1997 both depots have been upgrading to the new 81-717.5M/714.5M trains (all factory fresh). Currently all carriages of the old EF, EF1, Em-508 and Em-509 have been retired.
When the line opened in 1935, trainsets included only four cars. By the middle of the 20th century, trainsets expanded to seven cars. In 2018, the Metro plans to extend all trains on the line to eight cars. This will add additional capacity to the system of more than 186,000 passengers per day.[5]
References
- ^ a b c d Сокольническая линия. Moskovsky Metropoliten (in Russian). Archived from the original on January 21, 2012. Retrieved 2012-01-12.
{{cite web}}
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suggested) (help) - ^ "Перспективы развития". Moscow Metro. Retrieved 2014-11-20.
- ^ "Утвержден проект продления линии метро в Коммунарку" (in Russian). Official Site of the Mayor of Moscow. 2017-07-18.
- ^ "Станцию метро в стиле оригами построят в Москве" (in Russian). City of Moscow. 2017-12-21.
- ^ "На Сокольническую линию метро вышли поезда из восьми вагонов". City of Moscow. Retrieved 2018-03-03.
External links
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png)
- Winchester, Clarence, ed. (1936), "Moscow's underground", Railway Wonders of the World, pp. 894–899 illustrated contemporary description of the Moscow underground