Soqota
Soqota
ሰቆጣ Sokota, Sakota, &c. | |
|---|---|
  Soqota Location within Ethiopia | |
| Coordinates: 12°38′N 39°02′E / 12.633°N 39.033°E | |
| Country | Ethiopia |
| Region | Amhara |
| Zone | Wag Hemra Zone |
| Population (2007) | |
| • Total | 22,346 |
| Time zone | UTC+3 (EAT) |
Soqota (Amharic: ሰቆጣ), formerly spelled Sokota[1] and also known as Sakota,[2] Sekota,[3] &c., is a town and separate woreda in northern Ethiopia. The name is likely from the Agaw word sekut, "fortified village."[4] Located in the Wag Hemra Zone of the Amhara Region, Soqota has a latitude and longitude of 12°38′N 39°02′E / 12.633°N 39.033°E and an elevation of 2266 meters above sea level. It is surrounded by woreda of Soqota.
About 6 kilometers from Soqota is the church Wuqir Meskale Kristos, where the mummified corpses of several Wagshums lies.[5]
History
Philip Briggs speculates that this town may be identified with the mysterious Ku'bar, said by al-Ya'qubi and al-Masudi to have succeeded Axum as the capital of Ethiopia.[6]
Soqota is the historic seat of the Wagshum, the former ruler of Lasta, who claimed to trace an unbroken succession back to the last king of the Zagwe dynasty. However, verification for this tradition is slight. This town is not mentioned in the surviving records until 1746, when the soldiers of Emperor Iyasu II burned it down.[7] The traveler Augustus B. Wylde wrote in the 1890s that the palace of the Wagshums in this town had been built around 1650. It was a three-storey structure which could not be dated with any precision, but he believed the masons and craftsmen were some of those who had worked at Gondar.[8]
Nathaniel Pearce, who was living in Tigray at the time, notes that Soqota was where Ras Haile Wand Bewossen had his palace in 1813, and performed his annual review of his troops on 17 Masqaram, as was the custom.[9] Charles Beke, who passed through Soqota in April 1843, described it as "a place of considerable size but is so very straggling that it is not easy to form a definite idea on the subject. It has a large market, held on Tuesday and Wednesday weekly, which is frequented by the merchants of the south and west, this place is the grand center of the salt-trade, the Tigre merchants coming thus far only, and then returning."[10] In Wylde's time, the market at Soqota was still held each week on Tuesdays and Wednesdays.[11]
During the Second Italo-Ethiopian War, Soqota was occupied by the Italians 28 March 1936. During their occupation, the Italians built a road to Soqota passable by motorcars, and repaired the town's mosque.[8] Beatrice Playne visited the town in late autumn of 1948, and found it "quite the most attractive Ethiopian town I have seen". She describes its "two-storied, stone houses, each with a little private garden, lying snugly amongst the surrounding wall of hills, like a Cotswold village", and its government offices were in "a low, Italian building in a square of grass."[12]
Soqota was briefly held by the Tigrayan People's Liberation Front (TPLF) during the Ethiopian Civil War around 1980. In 1988 Soqota was the base of the Ethiopian People's Democratic Movement, founded by a group of former EPRP fighters, which operated in northern Wolo jointly with the TPLF.[8]
Demographics
Based on the 2007 national census conducted by the Central Statistical Agency of Ethiopia (CSA), this town has a total population of 22,346, of whom 10,760 are men and 11,586 women. The majority of the inhabitants practiced Ethiopian Orthodox Christianity, with 95.98% reporting that as their religion, while 3.8% were Muslim.[13] The 1994 census reported this town had a total population of 7,922 of whom 3,476 were males and 4,446 were females.
References
- ^ Cana, Frank Richardson (1911). . In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 1 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 86.
- ^ National Geographic Globe (Map). 1 : 31,363,200. Washington, D.C.: National Geographic Society. 1965.
- ^ From its French spelling.
- ^ G.W.B. Huntingford, Historical Geography of Ethiopia from the first century AD to 1704 (London: British Academy, 1989), p. 176
- ^ Camerapix, Spectrum Guide to Ethiopia (New York: Interlink Books, 2000), p. 117
- ^ Philip Briggs, Ethiopia: the Bradt Travel Guide, third edition (London: Bradt, 2002), p. 302. The problem of Ku'bar is discussed by Taddesse Tamrat, Church and State in Ethiopia (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1972), p. 37.
- ^ Richard P.K. Pankhurst, History of Ethiopian Towns (Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner Verlag, 1982), p. 182
- ^ a b c "Local History in Ethiopia" Archived 2011-05-28 at the Wayback Machine The Nordic Africa Institute website (accessed 22 January 2009)
- ^ Nathaniel Pearce, The Life and Adventures of Nathaniel Pearce, edited by J.J. Halls (London, 1831), vol. 1 pp. 140
- ^ Charles T. Beke, "Abyssinia: Being a Continuation of Routes in That Country", Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of London, 14 (1844), p. 58
- ^ Augustus B. Wylde, Modern Abyssinia (London: Methuen, 1901), p. 494
- ^ Playne, Saint George for Ethiopia (Constable: London, 1954), p. 109
- ^ Census 2007 Tables: Amhara Region, Tables 2.1, 2.4, 2.5, 3.1, 3.2 and 3.4.