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St. John Publications

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St. John Publications
Statusdefunct 1958 (comics), 1967 (magazines)
Founded1947
FounderArcher St. John
Country of originUnited States of America
Headquarters location545 Fifth Avenue, New York City
Key peopleMatt Baker
Publication typesComic books, Magazines
Fiction genresRomance, humor, funny animal, war, crime, mystery
Imprintscomics: Approved Comics, Blue Ribbon, Jubilee Publications
magazines: Flying Eagle Publications

St. John Publications was an American publisher of magazines and comic books. During its short existence (1947–58), St. John's comic books established several industry firsts. Founded by Archer St. John, the firm was located in Manhattan at 545 Fifth Avenue. After the St. John comic books came to an end in 1958, the company continued to publish its magazine line into the next decade. Flying Eagle Publications was a magazine affiliate of St. John Publications. Comic book imprints included Approved Comics, Blue Ribbon, and Jubilee Publications.

History

Matt Baker (left) and Archer St. John at Grauman's Chinese Theatre, undated.

Archer St. John

The younger brother of World War II correspondent and author Robert William St. John (1902–2003),[1] Archer St. John was born c. 1901[2][3] in Chicago, Illinois. Their mother Amy, a nurse, and father John, a pharmacist, moved the family to suburban Oak Park in 1910. Following the father's death in 1917 and the mother's eventual remarriage, Archer attended the St. Albans Episcopal Academy boarding school in Sycamore, Illinois. Both brothers became journalists, with Archer founding the Berwyn [Illinois] Tribune in the mid-1920s.[1]

He left that newspaper by 1930. By then, he had become advertising manager of the New York City-based model-train maker Lionel Trains Corporation. Among his duties, he edited the company's hobbyist magazine, Model Builder, debuting January 1937. It included true railroad stories in its editorial mix, eventually adding such illustrated featurettes as "Famous Railroad Sagas".[1] By this time, he was married and living in Darien, Connecticut,[4] with wife Gertrude (née Adams) and son Michael.[5]

By the early 1940s, St. John was editor of the 17-issue magazine Flying Cadet (Jan. 1943 – Oct. 1944). Like Model Builder, it too mixed editorial prose with comics-style instructional featurettes. That changed with its final issue, a standard comic book that included fictional adventure ("Buzz Benson" by Maurice Whitman and George Kapitan; the remarkably progressive Lt. Lela Lang, art by Kapitan, about a female bomber pilot) and humor ("Grease Pan Gus") strips. The company—also called Flying Cadet—additionally published American Air Forces #1 (Oct. 1944), as well as some issues of Dynamic Comics and Punch Comics.[1]

Either editing in his off hours while continuing to work at Lionel, or having left and returned to the company—a December 1944 letter that he signed places St. John in the Lionel advertising department at that time[verification needed]—St. John left the model-train maker in early 1945. After acquiring a reported $400,000 in start-up financing,[6] he began publishing two comic books, Comics Revue and Pageant of Comics, both reprinting comic strips. They appeared under his own name as publisher in 1947. Shortly afterward, his comic book company took on the name St. John Publications.[1] It had offices at 545 Fifth Avenue in Manhattan, New York City,[7] and in 1950 took on additional space at 235-243 Pulaski Street in the neighboring borough of Brooklyn.[8]

St. John died on either the night of August 12, 1955, or early the following morning, when he was found dead at the 170 East 79th Street Manhattan penthouse apartment of his friend Frances Stratford. The police, pending an autopsy, listed the cause as an apparent overdose of sleeping pills, and his age as 54. He had been residing at the New York Athletic Club at the time of his death.[2]

Magazines

The group of magazines published by St. John included crime fiction (Manhunt, Mantrap, Menace, Murder, Verdict), a Western digest (Gunsmoke), the scandal-exposé title Secret Life and the men's magazine Nugget. Manhunt began January 1953 as the monthly digest, Manhunt Detective Story Monthly. The title was shortened to Manhunt early in 1956. It expanded to a larger standard-size format from March 1957 to May 1958 but then returned to digest-size and a bimonthly schedule. The popularity of Manhunt kept it running for 114 issues until April–May 1967.[9][10] Verdict ran as a digest-size monthly from June 1953 to September 1953 and was briefly titled Verdict Crime Detection Magazine (Aug.–Nov. 1956) before a shortening back to Verdict.

He acquired the 21-year-old publication Magazine Digest in 1950.[11]

Comic books

Flying Cadet #17 (Oct. 1944), cover artist unknown. The topless woman indicates this was not a comic aimed at children.

The company's comics include the first 3-D comic book, Three Dimension Comics #1 (Sept. 1953 oversize format, Oct. 1953 standard-size reprint), featuring the Terrytoons movie-cartoon character Mighty Mouse.[12][13] According to Joe Kubert, co-creator with the brothers Norman Maurer and Leonard Maurer, it sold an exceptional 1.2 million copies at 25 cents apiece[14] at a time when comics cost a dime. St. John also published the second 3-D comic, the aptly named 3-D Comics, the single issue of which incongruously billed itself as "World's First!"

Other St. John comic books included the first movie-comedian tie-in series, Abbott and Costello Comics; one of the first proto-graphic novels, the 25-cent "picture novel" It Rhymes with Lust (1950); and a five-issue series (Sept. 1953 – Oct. 1954), appearing under three titles, that introduced the enduring Kubert prehistoric hero Tor. In 1953, St. John took over a number of Ziff Davis comics titles, including the romance comics Cinderella Love and Romantic Love, the Western comic Kid Cowboy, and the jungle adventure title Wild Boy of the Congo.[1]

St. John Publications utilized the first African-American comic-book artist in mainstream media, Matt Baker, who contributed to the ostensibly true-crime series Authentic Police Cases, the light humor comic Canteen Kate, the romance books Cinderella Love and Teen-Age Romances, and many others.

Mice and men

St. John acquired the license to publish comics based on the movie cartoons of producer Paul Terry. The Terrytoons properties, originally adapted to comic books by Timely Comics, the 1940s predecessor of Marvel Comics, included such characters as Mighty Mouse, the crows Heckle and Jeckle, Dinky Duck, Gandy Goose, and Little Roquefort. The first such St. John comic was Mighty Mouse #5 (Aug. 1947), its numbering taken over from the Timely run.[15]

The company expanded into licensed characters from another animation company, the joint Paramount Pictures-Famous Studios, which included the future Harvey Comics characters Casper the Friendly Ghost (unnamed in his theatrical animated shorts to that time, and given his familiar designation in his eponymous comic-book's September 1949 premiere),[1] Baby Huey (who premiered in that Casper the Friendly Ghost #1[1] before his March 3, 1950, screen debut, "Quack A Doodle Do"), and Little Audrey.

Little Eva, Audrey's lesser-known replacement, was added to the publishing schedule in 1952[16] after the Audrey license passed on to Harvey.[citation needed]

Continuing in the popular vein of reprinted comic strips, St. John published comic books of such gag strips as Moon Mullins and Nancy, and of the NEA syndicate's private detective adventure strip Vic Flint. This hardboiled fiction by the pseudonymous Michael O'Malley (writer Ernest Lynn and others) and artists Ralph Lane, Dean Miller, Art Sansom and John Lane, was reprinted in the comic books Vic Flint (#1–5?, Aug. 1948 – April 1949);[17][18] all but the first issue of Fugitives from Justice (#1–5, 1953); and some issues of Authentic Police Cases (#1–38, 1948–1955).[19]

Romance comics

It Rhymes with Lust (1950), an early graphic-novel precursor. Cover art by Matt Baker and Ray Osrin.

St. John's first romance comic was Teen-Age Romances #1 (Jan. 1949), followed by ten issues of romance comics over the next nine months. St. John's Hollywood Confessions #1 (Oct. 1949) metamorphosed two issues later into Hollywood Pictorial, and then shifted from comic book to movie magazine (Hollywood Pictorial Western) with issue #4 (March 1950). That was the first title in what eventually became the St. John magazine group.[citation needed]

The company introduced several other, mostly short-lived original series from 1948 through 1953, including a rare, for the company, superhero series, Zip-Jet, starring a yellow-clad "supersonic enemy of evil" reprinted from Punch Comics' "Rocketman" feature.[1] That and the two St. John series titled Atom-Age Combat directly reflected the era's Cold War "nuclear jitters" and popular culture fascination with the breaking of the sound barrier.[citation needed]

Pioneering "Picture Novels"

In 1950—more than 20 years before Gil Kane & Archie Goodwin's Blackmark and almost 30 before Don McGregor & Paul Gulacy's Sabre and Will Eisner's A Contract with God—St. John helped pioneer the medium that would become known as the graphic novel. The digest-sized, adult-oriented "Picture Novel" It Rhymes with Lust was a film noir-influenced slice of steeltown life starring a scheming, manipulative redhead named Rust. Touted as "an original full-length novel" on its cover, the book by pseudonymous writer "Drake Waller" (Arnold Drake and Leslie Waller), penciler Matt Baker and inker Ray Osrin, was sold at newsstands. It proved successful enough to lead to an unrelated second picture novel, The Case of the Winking Buddha, by pulp novelist Manning Lee Stokes and illustrator Charles Raab.[1]

Comic book titles published

Main article: List of St. John Publications

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Quattro, Ken (2006). "Archer St. John & The Little Company That Could". Comicartville.com. Archived from the original on July 11, 2015. Retrieved September 14, 2011. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help) Additional WebCitation archive on November 28, 2010.
  2. ^ a b "Publisher Found Dead; Archer St. John Succumbs in Friend's Penthouse". The New York Times. August 14, 1955. p. 71. Retrieved October 15, 2017. Archer St. John, 54 years old, publisher of 'Secret Life' and other magazines, was found dead yesterday afternoon in the penthouse apartment of a friend, the police reported. (Abstract only) (subscription required)
  3. ^ Birth date is given as October 15, 1904, at Quattro, Ken (May 2008). "The Gospel According to Archer St. John". Alter Ego. Vol. 3, no. 77. Raleigh, North Carolina: TwoMorrows Publishing. p. 4. Retrieved October 15, 2017. No source is given for this date, which contradicts age in police report at time of death.
  4. ^ "Francis Adams [obituary]". The New York Times. July 4, 1936. p. 13. Retrieved October 15, 2017. Francis Adams ... [was survived by] a sister, Mrs. Archer St. John, of Darien, Connecticut... (subscription required)
  5. ^ Quattro, Alter Ego #77, p. 5.
  6. ^ "I Let People Do Their Jobs!': A Conversation with Vince Fago—Artist, Writer, and Third Editor-in-Chief of Timely/Marvel Comics". Alter Ego. Vol. 3, no. 11. TwoMorrows Publishing. November 2001. Archived from the original on November 24, 2009. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  7. ^ Ashley, Mike (2005). Transformations: The Story of the Science-fiction Magazines from 1950 to 1970. Liverpool University Press. p. 167. ISBN 978-0853237792. St John Publishing, of 545 Fifth Avenue, New York...
  8. ^ "Midwest Firm Plans Health Salons Here". The New York Times. May 11, 1950. p. 60. Retrieved October 15, 2017. Other business leases reported yesterday included ... Archer St. John, rebinder of comic books, groundfloor [sic] in 235-243 Pulaski St, Brooklyn (subscription required)
  9. ^ Ashley, Mike (n.d.). "Collecting Crime: Manhunt". CrimeTime.co.uk. Archived from the original on April 10, 2011. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  10. ^ Stephensen-Payne, Phil (n.d.). "Checklist: Manhunt". Philsp.com. Archived from the original on April 10, 2011. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  11. ^ "Magazine Digest Is Sold". The New York Times. January 11, 1950. p. 13. Retrieved October 15, 2017. (subscription required)
  12. ^ Zone, Ray (n.d.). "1950s 3-D Comic Book Checklist". Ray3DZone.com. Archived from the original on February 11, 2009. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  13. ^ "Advertising & Marketing". The New York Times. June 27, 1953. p. 23. Retrieved October 15, 2017. The St. John Publishing Company here announced yesterday that 'The Mighty Mouse' comic book that will appear on the newsstands next Friday will be entirely in three-dimension. According to Archer St. John ... this will be the first time in printing history that line drawings will be printed in 3-D. Hitherto, the 3-D printing field has been limited to photographic halftones. (Abstract only) (subscription required)
  14. ^ "Joe Kubert Interview: A Myth in the World of Comics". Universo HQ. c. 2001. Archived from the original on January 22, 2011. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  15. ^ Mighty Mouse, St. John 1947 at the Grand Comics Database
  16. ^ Little Eva, St. John, 1952 Series at the Grand Comics Database
  17. ^ Vic Flint, St. John, 1948 Series at the Grand Comics Database, which notes, "Issues #3 to 5 are listed in [the] Overstreet [Comic Book Price Guide] but almost certainly don't exist."
  18. ^ Smith, Kevin Burton (n.d.). "Vic Flint". ThrillingDetective.com. Archived from the original on April 9, 2011. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  19. ^ St. John (publisher) at the Grand Comics Database

Further reading

  • Benson, John. Romance Without Tears (Fantagraphics, 2003)
  • Benson, John. Confessions, Romances, Secrets and Temptations: Archer St. John and the St. John Romance Comics (Fantagraphics, 2007), and online supplement "St. John Romance Comics Checklist"
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