Petersglocke
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Saint Peter's bell (orig. German: St. Petersglocke,[1] referred to in the Colognian language as Decke or Dekke Pitter[2] and in common parlance as Dicker Pitter[3] i.e. Fat or Big Peter) is the largest bell in Cologne Cathedral. It was cast in 1923 by Heinrich Ulrich in Apolda and hangs in the belfry of the south tower. With a weight of approximately 24,000 kg, a clapper weighing ~700 kg and a diameter of 322 cm, it is the largest (horizontally mounted) freely swinging ringable bell in the world.
When the bell was cast in 1923, the bell-founder refused to take German marks as a payment because of the hyper-inflation. Instead the Cathedral Chapter paid 5000 US dollars. The predecessor of the bell was the Emperor's Bell (orig. German: Kaiserglocke) or Gloriosa (Glorious) of 1873 which at 27,180 kg was even heavier than the St. Peter's bell. In 1918 it was melted down, because of the poor sound quality and the inadequate tone. Its metal was used for war purposes. During its thirty-year life it had regularly been put out of service to attempt to fix the inappropriate sound. Because of this the bell was nicknamed „Große Schweigerin“ or in English: big silence.
The crack
In 1951, a 110 cm long crack appeared on the bell. It was welded in 1956 by the company Lachenmeyer from Nördlingen. After repairs, the bell received a new, lighter clapper (approx. 600 kg[4]), and it was rotated approximately 20 degrees so that the clapper did not strike the damaged area.
The broken clapper
On January 6th, 2011, the approximately 800 kg clapper of the bell broke and dropped on the floor below. As it could not be repaired, a new one was cast and was installed in December of the same year. It was later discovered that the accident happened because the clapper had not been correctly installed in the 1950s, thus increasing wear, which consequently led to material degradation. The new clapper weighs approx. 600 kg and is 3.20 m long. It was installed on December 2nd, 2011 and was first rung on December 7th, 2011.
Ringing Ordinance
St. Petersglocke is only rung on special occasions and on solemnities (s. u.).[5] The declaration or death of an Archbishop of Cologne or of a Pope, as well as the investiture of a new archbishop also warrant tolling St. Peter. All bells of the cathedral rung on the eve of the 28th of March, 1936 a so-called „Friedensappell“ ("peace appeal") of Hitler, which he spoke in Cologne due to the Reichstag elections.[6] Likewise, the St. Petersglocke declared the End of World War II above the ruins of the city of Cologne in 1945, as well as in the year of 1990 the Reunification of Germany. As a rule, St. Petersglocke rings solo for ten minutes before all the others, which join in accordance with the general Ringing Ordinance. However, not all South Tower bells will be rung every time. For the Feast of the Immaculate Conception it's Bells 1–6 and for the Christmas Eve Vigil Bells 1–3 are rung.
| Date/Day | Time | Reason |
|---|---|---|
| 7th of December | 19:30 | Pre-Ringing for the Solemnity of the Immaculate Conception of the Blessed Virgin Mary[7] |
| 8. December | 09:35 | Solemnity of the Immaculate Conception of the Blessed Virgin Mary (Sundays) |
| 18:05 | Solemnity of the Immaculate Conception of the Blessed Virgin Mary (Weekdays) | |
| 24th of December | 19:15 | Pre-Ringing for the Solemnity of the Nativity of the Lord on Christmas Eve |
| 23:05 | Christmas Vigil on Christmas Eve (together with the Pretiosa und Speciosa) | |
| 25th of December | 09:35 | Christmas Day |
| 1st of January | 00:00 | Pre-Ringing for the new Year (Full chimes) |
| 5th of January | 19:30 | Pre-Ringing for the Solemnity of the Epiphany of the Lord |
| 6th of January | 09:35 | Epiphany of the Lord/Three Kings' Day |
| Holy Saturday | ≈23:15 | Glory of Easter for the Easter Vigil (Full chimes) |
| Easter Sunday | 09:35 | Resurrection of the Lord |
| Eve of Ascension Day | 19:30 | Pre-Ringing for Ascension Day |
| Ascension Day | 09:35 | Solemnity of the Ascension of the Lord |
| Pentecost Eve | 19:30 | Pre-Ringing for the Solemnity of Pentecost |
| Pentecost | 09:35 | Solemnity of Pentecost |
| Eve of Corpus Christi | 19:30 | Pre-Ringing for the Solemnity of Corpus Christi[8] |
| Corpus Christi | 09:35 | Solemnity of Corpus Christi |
| Procession and Entrance of the Blessed Sacrament |
Solemnity of Corpus Christi (rung solo) | |
| 28th of June | 19:30 | Pre-Ringing for the High/Patronage Feast of St. Peter and Paul |
| 29th of June | 09:35 | High/Patronage Feast of St. Peter und Paul (Sunday) |
| 18:05 | High/Patronage Feast of St. Peter und Paul (Weekdays) | |
| 31st of October | 19:30 | Pre-Ringing on All Hallows Eve[9] |
| 1st of November | 09:35 | All Hallows/All Saints' Day |
Gallery
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On this image the damaged area from the crack can be seen to the left of the clapper -
The Peter's bell with the broken clapper -
The Peter's bell with the new clapper -
The Peter's Bell without a clapper
Footnotes
- ^ German pronunciation: [ˌzaŋkʰtʰ.ˈpʰeːtʰɐs.ˌɡlɔkʰə]
- ^ [ˌdekə.ˈpitˑɐ]
- ^ Rhinelandic regiolectal pronunciation [ˈdɪkɐ.ˈpɪtɐ]
- ^ http://www.edelstahl-rosswag.de/tradition-und-kunst/kloeppel-fuer-den-koelner-dom.html
- ^ www.koelner-dom.de: Läuteordnung 'Dicker Pitter'
- ^ Apoldaer Tageblatt, 27. März 1936.
- ^ Einläuten zu Maria Empfängnis (7. December 2006): Teil 1; Teil 2.
- ^ Einläuten zu Fronleichnam (6. Juni 2007): Teil 1; Teil 2; Teil 3.
- ^ Einläuten zu Allerheiligen (31. Oktober 2006): Teil 1; Teil 2; Teil 3.
50°56′28″N 6°57′26″E / 50.9411°N 6.9573°E
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