Staphylococcus xylosus
 | This article needs additional citations for verification. (July 2011) |
| Staphylococcus xylosus | |
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| 1000x magnification of a Gram-stained sample of Staphylococcus xylosus | |
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Bacteria |
| Phylum: | Bacillota |
| Class: | Bacilli |
| Order: | Caryophanales |
| Family: | Staphylococcaceae |
| Genus: | Staphylococcus |
| Species: | S. xylosus
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| Binomial name | |
| Staphylococcus xylosus Schleifer & Kloos 1975
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Staphylococcus xylosus is a species of bacteria belonging to the genus Staphylococcus. It is a Gram-positive bacterium that forms clusters of cells. Like most staphylococcal species, it is coagulase-negative and exists as a commensal on the skin of humans and animals and in the environment.[1]
Staphylococcus xylosus may be used as CNC (coagulase-negative cocci) in salami fermentation.[2]
It appears to be far more common in animals than in humans. S. xylosus has very occasionally been identified as a cause of human infection, but in some cases it may have been misidentified.
Identification
[edit]Staphylococcus xylosus is normally sensitive to fleroxacin, methicillin, penicillin, teicoplanin, erythromycin and tetracycline, and resistant to novobiocin. It is highly active biochemically, producing acid from a wide variety of carbohydrates.
Acid and gas are produced from D-(+)-galactose, D-(+)-mannose, D-(+)-mannitol, maltose, and lactose. Caseinolytic and gelatinase activities are normally present.
It normally produces slime but not capsules. This ability is lost upon subculture. Its cell wall peptidoglycan is similar to the L-Lys-Gly3-5 L-Ser0.6-1.5 type found in predominantly human species.
Clinical importance
[edit]Staphylococcus xylosus is a member of the skin flora of humans and other animals. It has been associated with:
- Nasal dermatitis in gerbils
- Pyelonephritis in humans
- Avian staphylococcosis
- Bovine intramammary infection
It is also found in milk, cheese, and sausage.
References
[edit]- ^ Karl H. Schleifer and Wesley E. Kloos: Isolation and Characterization of Staphylococci from Human Skin I. Amended Descriptions of Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus saprophyticus and Descriptions of Three New Species: Staphylococcus cohnii, Staphylococcus haemolyticus, and Staphylococcus xylosus. Int J Syst Bacteriol January 1975 25:50-61; doi:10.1099/00207713-25-1-50.
- ^ Aquilanti, L., Garofalo, C., Osimani, A. and Clementi, F.: Ecology of lactic acid bacteria and coagulase negative cocci in fermented dry sausages manufactured in Italy and other Mediterranean countries: an overview, in: International Food Research Journal 23(2): 429-445 (2016)
Further reading
[edit]- Vela, Javier; Hildebrandt, Kelsie; Metcalfe, Andrew; Rempel, Heidi; Bittman, Shabtai; Topp, Edward; Diara, Moussa (December 2012). "Characterization of Staphylococcus xylosus isolated from broiler chicken barn bioaerosol". Poultry Science. 91 (12): 3003–3012. doi:10.3382/ps.2012-02302. PMID 23155006.
External links
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