Susan Island Nature Reserve
Susan Island Nature Reserve New South Wales | |
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![]() Susan Island | |
Nearest town or city | Grafton |
Established | May 1982[1] |
Area | 0.23 km2 (0.1 sq mi)[1] |
Managing authorities | NSW National Parks & Wildlife Service |
Website | Susan Island Nature Reserve |
See also | Protected areas of New South Wales |
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Geography | |
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Location | Clarence River |
Administration | |
The Susan Island Nature Reserve is a protected nature reserve containing Susan Island, a river island, that is located in the mouth of the Clarence River, in the Northern Rivers region of New South Wales in eastern Australia. The 23-hectare (57-acre) reserve is situated near Grafton.[1] The island and reserve is a rare[2] 16.5-hectare (41-acre) example of sub tropical lowland rainforest.
Features
Much of Australia's lowland sub tropical rainforest was cleared for housing and agriculture, leaving only small patches remaining, such as at Susan Island. The soils are alluvial, derived from the Clarence River. The average annual rainfall is a modest 1,065 millimetres (41.9 in),[3] which is marginal for this type of vegetation community.
Fauna
Currently there are eleven reptile species and fifteen mammal species on the island. However, this is far less than older reports from colonial times. At certain times, the numbers of the three species of flying foxes are in excess of 100,000. The numbers of the grey-headed flying foxes appears to be increasing in recent years. Noteworthy birds occurring here are the osprey and the noisy pitta.[4]
Flora
57 species of rainforest tree are known to grow on the island. Significant tree species include stinging tree, Moreton Bay fig, white walnut, shiny-leaved stinging tree, tulipwood and lacebark tree. The largest known yellow kamala grows up to 30 metres (98 ft) tall with a trunk diameter of 80 centimetres (31 in).[5] And the widespread tropical Asian species white bean grows on the island at its southern most limit of natural distribution. Australian red cedar was logged from the island, and there is no regeneration. Rainforest regeneration programs have been put in place to encourage local rainforest species and suppress the problem of invasive weeds.[6]
Indigenous Australians
It is likely that Indigenous Australians regularly visited the rainforest on the island for varying purposes. Such as the collection of food, medicinal purposes, and the collection of fibres for making bags and nets. The island has spiritual significance to local Indigenous Australians.
See also
References
- ^ a b c "Susan Island Nature Reserve: Park management". Office of Environment & Heritage. Government of New South Wales. Retrieved 29 September 2014.
- ^ "Lowland rainforest on floodplain in the NSW North Coast Bioregion - endangered ecological community listing". Office of Environment & Heritage. Government of New South Wales.
- ^ "Monthly climate statistics: Grafton Olympic Pool". Bureau of Meteorology. Australian Government.
- ^ "Susan Island Nature Reserve: Plan of management" (PDF). NSW National Parks & Wildlife Service (PDF). Government of New South Wales. April 2009. ISBN 978-1-74232-214-8.
- ^ Floyd, A. G. (2008). Rainforest Trees of Mainland South-eastern Australia. Inkata Press. p. 154. ISBN 978-0-9589436-7-3.
- ^ Floyd, A. G. (1990). Australian Rainforests of New South Wales. Vol. 2. p. 16. ISBN 0-949324-32-9.