TACA Flight 110

TACA Flight 110

A TACA Airlines Boeing 737-300 similar to the aircraft involved in the accident.
Accident
Date	May 24, 1988
Summary	Dual engine flameout
Site	New Orleans, Louisiana, U.S. 30.0119°N 89.9196°W / 30.0119; -89.9196
Aircraft
Aircraft type	Boeing 737-3T0
Operator	TACA
Registration	N75356
Flight origin	Goldson International Airport Belize City, Belize
Destination	Moisant Field New Orleans, Louisiana
Passengers	38
Crew	7
Fatalities	0
Injuries	1 (minor)
Survivors	45 (all)

TACA Flight 110 was an international scheduled airline flight operated by TACA Airlines, traveling from Belize to New Orleans. On May 24, 1988, the Boeing 737-300 lost power in both engines but its pilots made a successful deadstick landing on a grass levee, with no one aboard sustaining more than minor injuries. The captain of the flight, Carlos Dardano of El Salvador, had lost one eye to crossfire on a small flight to El Salvador, which was undergoing a civil war at the time.

Flight history

The aircraft, a Boeing 737-3T0 (tail number N75356, serial number 23838), had first flown on January 26, 1988, and had been in service with TACA for about two weeks. On this day, the flight proceeded normally, taking off from Belize City's Philip S. W. Goldson International Airport and flying over the Gulf of Mexico toward the Louisiana coast.

The airliner was the 1,505th Boeing 737 manufactured, and was originally acquired by TACA from Polaris Aircraft Leasing in May 1988.

The captain of the flight was Carlos Dardano. At just 29 years of age, Dardano had already amassed 13,410 flight hours. Almost 11,000 of these hours were as pilot in command. The first officer, Dionisio Lopez, was also very experienced, with more than 12,000 flight hours under his belt. Captain Arturo Soley, an instructor pilot, was also in the cockpit, monitoring the performance of the new 737.

Incident

Investigation by the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) revealed that during descent from FL 350 (about 35,000 feet or 11,000 metres) in preparation for their impending arrival at New Orleans' Moisant Field, Captain Dardano and First Officer Lopez noticed areas of light to moderate precipitation in their path, depicted as green and yellow areas on their weather radar, as well as "some isolated red cells" indicative of heavy precipitation to both sides of their intended flight path.

The flight entered clouds at FL 300 (about 30,000 feet or 9,100 metres), the crew selecting "continuous ignition" and turning on engine anti-ice to protect their turbofan engines from the effects of precipitation and icing, either of which is capable of causing a flameout, where the engines lose all power. Despite flying a route between the two areas of heavy precipitation shown on radar, they encountered heavy rain, hail, and turbulence. Passing through 16,500 feet (5,000 m), both engines flamed out, leaving the jet gliding with neither engine producing thrust or electrical power. The auxiliary power unit (APU) was started as the plane descended through 10,500 feet (3,200 m), restoring electrical power. While attempts to "windmill start" the engines using the airflow generated by the plane's descent were unsuccessful, the pilots were later able to start them using the engine starters which were powered by the APU. However, neither engine would accelerate to normal idle speed, much less to a point where it was producing meaningful thrust. Attempts to advance the throttles only resulted in overheating of the engines, so they were once more shut down to avoid catastrophic failure. The pilots landed the airliner in an unpowered glide on top of a narrow grass levee adjacent to NASA's Michoud Assembly Facility in the Michoud area of eastern New Orleans near the Gulf Intracoastal Waterway and brought the airplane to a safe stop.

Investigation and recommendations

NTSB investigators determined that the aircraft had inadvertently flown into a level 4 thunderstorm and that water ingestion had caused both engines to flame out despite their being certified as meeting Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) standards for water ingestion. The aircraft suffered mild hail damage, and its right-side (number 2) engine was damaged from overheating.

Initially, it was planned to remove the wings and transport the airplane to a repair facility by barge, but Boeing engineers and test pilots decided to perform an engine change on site. The jet was then flown out by taking off from an adjacent paved access road. Following take off from the road, the 737 flew to Moisant Field, where further maintenance work was performed. The plane was then returned to service. The plane is still in active use as of February 2016, flying for Southwest Airlines as N697SW since 1995.

In order to avoid similar problems in the future, the engine manufacturer, CFM International, modified the CFM56 engine by adding a sensor to force the combustor to continuously ignite under heavy rain and/or hail conditions. Other modifications were made to the engine nose cone and the spacing of the fan blades in order to better deflect hail away from the engine core. Also, additional bleed doors were added to drain more water from the engine.

Aftermath

As of August 2016, the aircraft is still in service with Southwest Airlines as N697SW.

Dramatization

The story of the accident was featured on the 11th season of the Canadian TV series Mayday in an episode entitled "Nowhere to Land". The episode was also repackaged for the Smithsonian Channel series Air Disasters.

See also

• List of airline flights that required gliding
• Emergency landing
• Garuda Indonesia Flight 421 - Similar accident happen in 2002 which both engine flameout when passing thunderstorm.
• Southern Airways Flight 242
• CFM_International_CFM56#Rain_and_hail_ingestion CFM56 engine flaw

External links

• Air & Space Magazine
• Description of the NASA Michoud Facility and Air Traffic Controller's account of the event
• Incident description at the Aviation Safety Network
• NTSB Synopsis
• NTSB Brief
• NTSB Final Report
• Federal Aviation Administration accident overview